Radio link monitoring in control channel repetition

ABSTRACT

A wireless device may receive one or more configuration parameters indicating a single frequency network (SFN) scheme. The wireless device may further receive a command activating at least two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for a control resource set (coreset). The wireless device may monitor, via the coreset, downlink control channels based on the at least two active TCI states and determine a radio link quality based on the at least two active TCI states of the coreset, when the one or more configuration parameters indicate the SFN scheme. The wireless device may further transmit an uplink signal indicating the radio failure, when the radio link quality indicates a radio failure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/US2021/047759, filed Aug. 26, 2021, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 63/071,524, filed Aug. 28, 2020, all ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example mobile communication networks inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user planeand control plane protocol stack.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocollayers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logicalchannels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink anduplink.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into whichOFDM symbols are grouped.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time andfrequency domain for an NR carrier.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using threeconfigured BWPs for an NR carrier.

FIG. 10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with twocomponent carriers.

FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may beconfigured into one or more PUCCH groups.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS/PBCH block structure andlocation.

FIG. 11B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the timeand frequency domains.

FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlinkand uplink beam management procedures.

FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C respectively illustrate a four-stepcontention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-freerandom access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for abandwidth part.

FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCItransmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communicationwith a base station.

FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C, and FIG. 16D illustrate example structuresfor uplink and downlink transmission.

FIG. 17 illustrates example configuration parameters for control and/ordata as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates example configuration parameters for a coreset asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a PDCCH repetition as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of control channel repetition across aplurality of TRPs as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of control channel repetition as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a coreset being associated with aplurality of TCI states as active TCI states as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a MAC CE format activating a pluralityof TCI states for a coreset as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 24 is an example of radio link monitoring with control channelrepetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is an example of radio link monitoring with control channelrepetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is an example of radio link monitoring with control channelrepetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is an example flow diagram of radio link monitoring with controlchannel repetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 28 is an example flow diagram of radio link monitoring with controlchannel repetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examplesof how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and/or how thedisclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. Itwill be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that variouschanges in form and detail can be made therein without departing fromthe scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparentto one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternativeembodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of thedescribed exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. Limitations, features, and/or elements from the disclosedexample embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments withinthe scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight thefunctionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only.The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable,such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example,the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionallyused in some embodiments.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network nodeconfigurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes,traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and/or the like.When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments maybe applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement exampleembodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base stationcommunicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure mayrefer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. Thisdisclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices ofa given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sectorof the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in thisdisclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and/ora subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which performaccording to disclosed methods, and/or the like. There may be aplurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in acoverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, forexample, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based onolder releases of LTE or 5G technology.

In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any termthat ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one”and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to beinterpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” isindicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of oneof a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, beemployed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms“comprises” and “consists of”, as used herein, enumerate one or morecomponents of the element being described. The term “comprises” isinterchangeable with “includes” and does not exclude unenumeratedcomponents from being included in the element being described. Bycontrast, “consists of” provides a complete enumeration of the one ormore components of the element being described. The term “based on”, asused herein, should be interpreted as “based at least in part on” ratherthan, for example, “based solely on”. The term “and/or” as used hereinrepresents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example,“A, B, and/or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A,B, and C.

If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on”(or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase followingthe term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “inresponse at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following thephrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending atleast to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “dependingon” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.The phrase “employing/using” (or equally “employing/using at least”) isindicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing/using” is anexample of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or maynot, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayrefer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics ormay be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state.

In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, orInformation elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects,and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. Forexample, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter(IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprisesparameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, andN comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messagescomprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in theplurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages,but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

Many features presented are described as being optional through the useof “may” or the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity andlegibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each andevery permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set ofoptional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted asexplicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a systemdescribed as having three optional features may be embodied in sevenways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any twoof the three possible features or with three of the three possiblefeatures.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element thatperforms a defined function and has a defined interface to otherelements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g.hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which maybe behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as asoftware routine written in a computer language configured to beexecuted by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic,Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulation program such as Simulink,Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript. It may be possible toimplement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete orprogrammable analog, digital and/or quantum hardware. Examples ofprogrammable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers,microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices(CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmedusing languages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs andCPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL)such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog thatconfigure connections between internal hardware modules with lesserfunctionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies areoften used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Themobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public landmobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG.1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN)102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to oneor more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet),private DNs, and/or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interfacefunctionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between thewireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wirelessdevice 106, and provide charging functionality.

The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 throughradio communications over an air interface. As part of the radiocommunications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resourcemanagement, and retransmission protocols. The communication directionfrom the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface isknown as the downlink and the communication direction from the wirelessdevice 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink.Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions usingfrequency division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD),and/or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to referto and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device forwhich wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, awireless device may be a telephone, smart phone, tablet, computer,laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device,vehicle road side unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and/or anycombination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses otherterminology, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), accessterminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receiveunit (WTRU), and/or wireless communication device.

The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The termbase station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to andencompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and/or 3G standards), anEvolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and/or 4G standards), aremote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one ormore RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coveragearea of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), aGeneration Node B (gNB, associated with NR and/or 5G standards), anaccess point (AP, associated with, for example, WiFi or any othersuitable wireless communication standard), and/or any combinationthereof. A base station may comprise at least one gNB Central Unit(gNB-CU) and at least one a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets ofantennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the airinterface. For example, one or more of the base stations may includethree sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors).The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver(e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive thetransmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter)operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations mayprovide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographicarea to support wireless device mobility.

In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of basestations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations inthe RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less thanthree sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may beimplemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled toseveral remote radio heads (RRHs), and/or as a repeater or relay nodeused to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processingunit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RANarchitecture, where the baseband processing unit may be eithercentralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. Arepeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from adonor node. A relay node may perform the same/similar functions as arepeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donornode to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radiosignal.

The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell basestations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-leveltransmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network.In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used toprovide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlapwith the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell basestations. The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with highdata traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocellcoverage. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order ofdecreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell basestations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.

The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 toprovide global standardization of specifications for mobilecommunication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100in FIG. 1A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for threegenerations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known asUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation(4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation(5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the presentdisclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network,referred to as next-generation RAN (NG-RAN). Embodiments may beapplicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as theRAN 104 in FIG. 1A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those offuture networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RANimplements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may beprovisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radioaccess technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

FIG. 1B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 inwhich embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobilecommunication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a networkoperator. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, mobile communication network 150includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented andoperate in the same or similar manner as corresponding componentsdescribed with respect to FIG. 1A.

The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs,such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and/orintra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CN152 may set up end-to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one ormore DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality.Compared to the CN of a 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 maybe a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of thenodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions thatoffer services via interfaces to other network functions. The networkfunctions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, includingas network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as softwareinstances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualizedfunctions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and MobilityManagement Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B,which are shown as one component AMF/UPF 158 in FIG. 1B for ease ofillustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154and the one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such aspacket routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policyrule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification tosupport routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality ofservice (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering,gating, uplink/downlink rate enforcement, and uplink trafficverification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notificationtriggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point forintra-/inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an externalprotocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect tothe one or more DNs, and/or a branching point to support a multi-homedPDU session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through aPDU session, which is a logical connection between a UE and a DN.

The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS)signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS)security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPPaccess networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and executionof paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-systemand inter-system mobility support, access authentication, accessauthorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility managementcontrol (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and/orsession management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to thefunctionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to thefunctionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions thatare not shown in FIG. 1B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), anNR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a NetworkExposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an ApplicationFunction (AF), and/or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radiocommunications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one ormore gNBs, illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively gNBs 160)and/or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B(collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be moregenerically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160and/or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennasto respectively control three cells (or sectors). Together, the cells ofthe gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may beconnected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interlace and to other basestations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interlaces may be establishedusing direct physical connections and/or indirect connections over anunderlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP)transport network. The gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connectedto the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interlace. For example, as illustratedin FIG. 1B, gNB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uuinterlace. The NG, Xn, and Uu interlaces are associated with a protocolstack. The protocol stacks associated with the interlaces may be used bythe network elements in FIG. 1B to exchange data and signaling messagesand may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The userplane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane mayhandle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

The gNBs 160 and/or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or moreAMF/UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF/UPF 158, by means ofone or more NG interlaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected tothe UPF 158B of the AMF/UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U)interlace. The NG-U interlace may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteeddelivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. ThegNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Controlplane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interlace may provide, for example, NGinterface management, UE context management, UE mobility management,transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, andconfiguration transfer and/or warning message transmission.

The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interlace. For example, thegNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interlace associated with afirst protocol stack. The ng-eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interlace, where E-UTRArefers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with asecond protocol stack.

The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4Gradio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in theart that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in amode known as “non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-planefunctionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Althoughonly one AMF/UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1B, one gNB or ng-eNB may beconnected to multiple AMF/UPF nodes to provide redundancy and/or to loadshare across the multiple AMF/UPF nodes.

As discussed, an interlace (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interlaces) between thenetwork elements in FIG. 1B may be associated with a protocol stack thatthe network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. Aprotocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane.The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the controlplane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user planeand NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interlace that liesbetween a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks illustrated in FIG.2A and FIG. 2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uuinterface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown inFIG. 1B.

FIG. 2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising fivelayers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of theprotocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transportservices to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspondto layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The nextfour protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise media access controllayers (MACs) 212 and 222, radio link control layers (RLCs) 213 and 223,packet data convergence protocol layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and servicedata application protocol layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, thesefour protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSImodel.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocollayers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top ofFIG. 2A and FIG. 3 , the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flowhandling. The UE 210 may receive services through a PDU session, whichmay be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU sessionmay have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) maymap IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based onQoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and/or errorrate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping/de-mapping between theone or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. Themapping/de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers maybe determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radiobearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received fromthe gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 maymark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which may beobserved by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine themapping/de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.

The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression/decompression toreduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the airinterface, ciphering/deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding ofdata transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (toensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequencedelivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received induplicate due to, for example, an intra-gNB handover. The PDCPs 214 and224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of thepacket being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicatepackets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require highreliability.

Although not shown in FIG. 3 , PDCPs 214 and 224 may performmapping/de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in adual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allowsa UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: amaster cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split beareris when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers providedby the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, ishandled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 maymap/de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cellgroups.

The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission throughAutomatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data unitsreceived from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 maysupport three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledgedmode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode anRLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the notedfunctions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with nodependency on numerologies and/or Transmission Time Interval (TTI)durations. As shown in FIG. 3 , the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLCchannels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing/demultiplexing of logicalchannels and/or mapping between logical channels and transport channels.The multiplexing/demultiplexing may include multiplexing/demultiplexingof data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into/fromTransport Blocks (TBs) delivered to/from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling informationreporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamicscheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222)for downlink and uplink. The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured toperform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)(e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)),priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means oflogical channel prioritization, and/or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 maysupport one or more numerologies and/or transmission timings. In anexample, mapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization maycontrol which numerology and/or transmission timing a logical channelmay use. As shown in FIG. 3 , the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logicalchannels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels tophysical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions forsending and receiving information over the air interface. These digitaland analog signal processing functions may include, for example,coding/decoding and modulation/demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 mayperform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG. 3 , the PHYs 211 and 221may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212and 222.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack. FIG. 4A illustrates a downlink data flow of threeIP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack togenerate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR userplane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depictedin FIG. 4A.

The downlink data flow of FIG. 4A begins when SDAP 225 receives thethree IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packetsto radio bearers. In FIG. 4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 toa first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “H” in FIG. 4A) is added to an IPpacket. The data unit from/to a higher protocol layer is referred to asa service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unitto/from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit(PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data unitfrom the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is aPDU of the SDAP 225.

The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform their associatedfunctionality (e.g., with respect to FIG. 3 ), add correspondingheaders, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer.For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression andciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 mayoptionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG.4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex anumber of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to forma transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed acrossthe MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG. 4A. In LTE, the MAC subheaders maybe entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDUstructure may reduce processing time and associated latency because theMAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating thelength (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheadercorresponds; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifyingthe logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to aid in thedemultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDUlength field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into theMAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4Billustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may beinserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (asshown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions.MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEsinclude: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports andpower headroom reports; activation/deactivation MAC CEs, such as thosefor activation/deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel stateinformation (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS)transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception(DRX) related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access relatedMAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similarformat as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reservedvalue in the LCID field that indicates the type of control informationincluded in the MAC CE.

Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels,transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well asa mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may beused to carry out functions associated with the NR control planeprotocol stack described later below.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, amapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physicalchannels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, theMAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be usedbetween the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channelthat carries control and configuration information in the NR controlplane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. Alogical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that isdedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may beused by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by thetype of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined byNR include, for example:

-   -   a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages        used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on        a cell level;    -   a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system        information messages in the form of a master information block        (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the        system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain        information about how a cell is configured and how to operate        within the cell;    -   a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages        together with random access;    -   a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages        to/from a specific the UE to configure the UE; and    -   a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data        to/from a specific the UE.

Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may bedefined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the airinterface. The set of transport channels defined by NR include, forexample:

-   -   a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that        originated from the PCCH;    -   a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;    -   a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data        and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;    -   an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and        signaling messages; and    -   a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the        network without any prior scheduling.

The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processinglevels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set oftime-frequency resources for carrying the information of one or moretransport channels. The PHY may generate control information to supportthe low-level operation of the PHY and provide the control informationto the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known asL1/L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physicalcontrol channels defined by NR include, for example:

-   -   a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from        the BCH;    -   a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink        data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging        messages from the PCH;    -   a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying        downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink        scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power        control commands;    -   a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink        data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and in some        instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;    -   a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI,        which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality        indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PMI), rank        indicators (RI), and scheduling requests (SR); and    -   a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generatesphysical signals to support the low-level operation of the physicallayer. As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the physical layer signalsdefined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondarysynchronization signals (SSS), channel state information referencesignals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), soundingreference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS).These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shownin FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same/similarfirst four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack.These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221, the MACs 212and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead ofhaving the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR userplane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resourcecontrols (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top ofthe NR control plane protocol stack.

The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionalitybetween the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, moregenerally, between the UE 210 and the CN. The NAS protocols 217 and 237may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is nodirect path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NASmessages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported usingthe AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. NAS protocols 217 and 237 mayprovide control plane functionality such as authentication, security,connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between theUE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and theRAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionalitybetween the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred toas RRC messages. RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 andthe RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same/similar PDCP, RLC,MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex control-plane anduser-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of systeminformation related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or theRAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection betweenthe UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management;establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radiobearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS managementfunctions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting;detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and/or NASmessage transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuringparameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. TheUE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted inFIG. 1A, the UE 210 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any otherwireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated inFIG. 6 , a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRCinactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may haveat least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may besimilar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104depicted in FIG. 1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG.1B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other basestation described in the present disclosure. The base station with whichthe UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRCcontext, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters forcommunication between the UE and the base station. These parameters mayinclude, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio linkconfiguration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g.,relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logicalchannel, QoS flow, and/or PDU session); security information; and/orPHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and/or SDAP layer configuration information. Whilein RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN(e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signallevels (e.g., reference signal levels) from a serving cell andneighboring cells and report these measurements to the base stationcurrently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request ahandover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on thereported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRCinactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. InRRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the basestation. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for themajority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wakeup periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) tomonitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may bemanaged by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRCstate may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 through aconnection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a randomaccess procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established ismaintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fasttransition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead ascompared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. Whilein RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of theUE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state maytransition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through aconnection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connectionrelease procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connectionrelease procedure 608.

An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. InRRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE throughcell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 andRRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE ofan event via a paging message without having to broadcast the pagingmessage over the entire mobile communications network. The mobilitymanagement mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allowthe network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the pagingmessage may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UEcurrently resides within instead of the entire mobile communicationnetwork. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRCinactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so usingdifferent granularities of grouping. For example, there may be threelevels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within aRAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within agroup of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by atracking area identifier (TAI).

Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN(e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list ofTAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, throughcell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in thelist of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE mayperform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update theUE's location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.

RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRCinactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. ARAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a listof RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong toone or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong toone or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cellreselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification areaassigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update withthe RAN to update the UE's RAN notification area.

A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving basestation of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. Ananchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at leastduring a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area ofthe anchor base station and/or during a period of time that the UE staysin RRC inactive 606.

A gNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG. 1B, may be split in two parts: a centralunit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU maybe coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU maycomprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC,the MAC, and the PHY.

In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed withrespect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequencydivisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarriercommunication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers(or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series ofcomplex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) orM-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols,and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbolstreams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain andused as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block thattransforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block may take in Fsource symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbolstreams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phaseof one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the Forthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be Ftime-domain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonalsubcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol.After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) andup-conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block may betransmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The Fparallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before beingprocessed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete FourierTransform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in theuplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverseprocessing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using anFFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into whichOFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a systemframe number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a period of 1024 frames. Asillustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration andmay include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may bedivided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDMsymbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported toaccommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrierfrequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in themm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrierspacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrierspacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrierspacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down bypowers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. Forexample, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrierspacing/cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz/4.7 μs; 30 kHz/2.3μs; 60 kHz/1.2 μs; 120 kHz/0.59 μs; and 240 kHz/0.29 μs.

A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols).A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slotduration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG. 7illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration andslots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with asubcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG. 7 for ease ofillustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerology-independenttime reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplinkand downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency,scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start atany OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for atransmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to asmini-slot or subslot transmissions.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time andfrequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements(REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resourcein NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrierin the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8 . An RB spans twelveconsecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8 . An NRcarrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275×12=3300 subcarriers.Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200,and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz,respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHzper carrier bandwidth limit.

FIG. 8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entirebandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiplenumerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for asubcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive thefull carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also,receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UEpower consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and/or forother purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE's receive bandwidthbased on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This isreferred to as bandwidth adaptation.

NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable ofreceiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidthadaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset ofcontiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRClayer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs perserving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPsper serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPsfor a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referredto as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configuredwith a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or morefirst active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second activeBWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlinkBWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplinkBWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP indexof the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expectthat a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a centerfrequency for an uplink BWP.

For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primarycell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more controlresource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search spaceis a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE mayfind control information. The search space may be a UE-specific searchspace or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality ofUEs). For example, a base station may configure a UE with a commonsearch space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in anactive downlink BWP.

For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configurea UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions.A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in adownlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrierspacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE maytransmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWPaccording to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing andcyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink ControlInformation (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate whichBWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one ormore downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicatorfields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplinktransmissions.

A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with a defaultdownlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with aPCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP tothe UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP.The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP basedon a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value fora PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at anyappropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWPinactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an activedownlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectraoperation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlinkBWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWPfor an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI duringan interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWPinactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero tothe BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivitytimer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE mayswitch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE withone or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to asecond BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP asan active BWP and/or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivitytimer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers toswitching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) maybe performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra,downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously.Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI,expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and/or an initiation of randomaccess.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using threeconfigured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPsmay switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In theexample illustrated in FIG. 9 , the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with abandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with abandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP.The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example ofFIG. 9 , the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at aswitching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occurfor any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWPinactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and/or inresponse to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UEmay switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 inresponse receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UEmay switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 inresponse to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and/or in responsereceiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switchat a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in responsereceiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWPin a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE proceduresfor switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same/similar as thoseon a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and thedefault downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same/similar manneras the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can beaggregated and simultaneously transmitted to/from the same UE usingcarrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referredto as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number ofserving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have threeconfigurations in the frequency domain.

FIG. 10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In theintraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated inthe same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directlyadjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband,non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in thesame frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in thefrequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the twoCCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency bandB).

In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs mayhave the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and/orduplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA mayhave a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionallyconfigured for a serving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlinkcarriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UEhas more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred toas a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UEinitially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment,and/or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobilityinformation and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. Inthe downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred toas the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carriercorresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC(UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to assecondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configuredafter the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell may beconfigured through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure. In thedownlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as adownlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier correspondingto the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on,for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCellmay mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped andPUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. ConfiguredSCells may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect toFIG. 4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit perSCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells)for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may bedeactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer(e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments andscheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cellcorresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known asself-scheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on anothercell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink controlinformation (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, suchas CQI, PMI, and/or RI) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on thePUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, thePUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided intomultiple PUCCH groups.

FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may beconfigured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCHgroup 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In theexample of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: aPCell 1011, an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051, anSCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configuredas a PCell 1021, an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more otheruplink CCs may be configured as a primary Scell (PSCell) 1061, an SCell1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) related to thedownlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, andUCI 1033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplinkcontrol information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group1050, shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted inthe uplink of the PSCell 1061. In an example, if the aggregated cellsdepicted in FIG. 10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and thePUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to thedownlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividingtransmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061,overloading may be prevented.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physicalcell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and/or anuplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context inwhich the physical cell ID is used. A physical cell ID may be determinedusing a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink componentcarrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In thedisclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and acell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when thedisclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlinkcarrier, the disclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for acell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same/similar concept mayapply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosureindicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may meanthat a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In anexample, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell. A transport blockmay be generated per assignment/grant per serving cell. A transportblock and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may bemapped to a serving cell.

In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast,and/or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g.,PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and/or PT-RS, as shown in FIG. 5A). In theuplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g.,DMRS, PT-RS, and/or SRS, as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and the SSS maybe transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize theUE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in asynchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block thatincludes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station mayperiodically transmit a burst of SS/PBCH blocks.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS/PBCH block's structure andlocation. A burst of SS/PBCH blocks may include one or more SS/PBCHblocks (e.g., 4 SS/PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG. 11A). Bursts may betransmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may berestricted to a half-frame (e.g., a first half-frame having a durationof 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG. 11A is an example, and thatthese parameters (number of SS/PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity ofbursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on,for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS/PBCH block istransmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; aconfiguration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any othersuitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacingfor the SS/PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored,unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a differentsubcarrier spacing.

The SS/PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain(e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG. 11A) and may spanone or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguoussubcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common centerfrequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after thePSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across thenext 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

The location of the SS/PBCH block in the time and frequency domains maynot be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). Tofind and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for the PSS. Forexample, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. Ifthe PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE maysearch for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier,as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at alocation in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, basedon a known structure of the SS/PBCH block, the locations of the SSS andthe PBCH, respectively. The SS/PBCH block may be a cell-defining SSblock (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with aCD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In anexample, a cell selection/search and/or reselection may be based on theCD-SSB.

The SS/PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or moreparameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physicalcell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS andthe SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frameboundary of the cell based on the location of the SS/PBCH block. Forexample, the SS/PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted inaccordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS/PBCH block in thetransmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction(FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by thePBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCHmay include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of thecell and/or a SS/PBCH block timing index. These parameters mayfacilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCHmay include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE withone or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locateremaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell.The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). The SIB1may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE mayuse one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may beused to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The SIB1 may bedecoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate anabsence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1, theUE may be pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS/PBCH blockat the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

The UE may assume that one or more SS/PBCH blocks transmitted with asame SS/PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g., having thesame/similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay,and/or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS/PBCHblock transmissions having different SS/PBCH block indices.

SS/PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted inspatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coveragearea of the cell). In an example, a first SS/PBCH block may betransmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and asecond SS/PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial directionusing a second beam.

In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station maytransmit a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of afirst SS/PBCH block of the plurality of SS/PBCH blocks may be differentfrom a second PCI of a second SS/PBCH block of the plurality of SS/PBCHblocks. The PCIs of SS/PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequencylocations may be different or the same.

The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE toacquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configurethe UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any othersuitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or moreof the same/similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measure the one or more CSI-RSs.The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and/or generate a CSIreport based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. TheUE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station mayuse feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channelstate) to perform link adaptation.

The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or moreCSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with alocation in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The basestation may selectively activate and/or deactivate a CSI-RS resource.The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in theCSI-RS resource set is activated and/or deactivated.

The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. Thebase station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically,aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UEmay be configured with a timing and/or periodicity of a plurality of CSIreports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSIreport. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure aconfigured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to themeasurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station mayconfigure the UE to transmit periodically, and selectively activate ordeactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UEwith a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating,for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employthe same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set(CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed andresource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of thephysical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE maybe configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS andSS/PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS/PBCH blocks are spatiallyQCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS areoutside of PRBs configured for the SS/PBCH blocks.

Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE forchannel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used forcoherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g.,PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and/orconfigurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlinkDMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. Afront-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., oneor two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-staticallyconfigure the UE with a number (e.g. a maximum number) of front-loadedDMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or moreDMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration maysupport up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. Formultiuser-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonaldownlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at leastfor CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein aDMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and/or a scrambling sequence may be thesame or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and acorresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use theone or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation/channel estimationof the PDSCH.

In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precodermatrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, thetransmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and asecond precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrixand the second precoder matrix may be different based on the firstbandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assumethat a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set ofPRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at leastone symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers ofthe PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE forphase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not maydepend on an RRC configuration. The presence and/or pattern of thedownlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using acombination of RRC signaling and/or an association with one or moreparameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and codingscheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamicpresence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCIparameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support aplurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and/or frequencydomains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated withat least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume asame precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS portsmay be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource.Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time/frequency durationfor the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitatephase tracking at the receiver.

The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channelestimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS forcoherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. Forexample, the UE may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH.The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to arange of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel.The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRSconfigurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support afront-loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over oneor more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One ormore uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbolsof a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-staticallyconfigure the UE with a number (e.g. maximum number) of front-loadedDMRS symbols for the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH, which the UE may use toschedule a single-symbol DMRS and/or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR networkmay support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink,wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and/or a scrambling sequencefor the DMRS may be the same or different.

A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit atleast one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layersof the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to threeDMRSs for the PUSCH.

Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase trackingand/or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending onan RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and/or pattern of uplinkPT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRCsignaling and/or one or more parameters employed for other purposes(e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated byDCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may beassociated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. Aradio network may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities definedin time/frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density maybe associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth.The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. Anumber of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in ascheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in thescheduled time/frequency duration for the UE.

SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel stateestimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and/or linkadaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station toestimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A schedulerat the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state toassign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission fromthe UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with oneor more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station mayconfigure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource setapplicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter.For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, anSRS resource in a SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets(e.g., with the same/similar time domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic,and/or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g.,simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRSresource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and/orsemi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resourcesbased on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more triggertypes may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or one or moreDCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed forthe UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resourcesets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on ahigher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRStriggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCHand SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured totransmit SRS after a transmission of a PUSCH and a corresponding uplinkDMRS.

The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or moreSRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRSresource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domainbehavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication ofperiodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini-slot, and/orsubframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and/or an aperiodicSRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a startingOFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hoppingbandwidth; a cyclic shift; and/or an SRS sequence ID.

An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol onthe antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over whichanother symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symboland a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, thereceiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay,and/or the like) for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port,from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. Afirst antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasico-located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channelover which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may beinferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antennaport is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise atleast one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; anaverage gain; an average delay; and/or spatial Receiving (Rx)parameters.

Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam managementmay comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. Abeam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example,a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals.The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink referencesignals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS))and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlinkbeam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a basestation.

FIG. 11B illustrates an example of channel state information referencesignals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. Asquare shown in FIG. 11B may span a resource block (RB) within abandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRCmessages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicatingone or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may beconfigured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and/or MAC signaling)for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configurationidentity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symboland resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframeconfiguration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in aradio frame), a CSI-RS power parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, acode division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, atransmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g.,QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist,csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and/or other radio resourceparameters.

The three beams illustrated in FIG. 11B may be configured for a UE in aUE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG. 11B (beam#1, beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam#1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one ormore subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocatedwith CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers inan RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1103 thatmay be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a thirdsymbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a base stationmay use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are notused to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated witha beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beamsused for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbolsfrom beams of other UEs.

CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG. 11B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102,1103) may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for oneor more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base stationmay configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE mayreport the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or morebase stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, thebase station may determine, based on the reported measurement results,one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) statescomprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the basestation may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRCsignaling, a MAC CE, and/or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlinktransmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one ormore TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have a capabilityof beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beamcorrespondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of atransmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the correspondingRx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence,the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine thespatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beamselection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS)resources configured to the UE by the base station. The base station mayselect and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of theone or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) achannel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair linkcomprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and areceiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE maytransmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pairquality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications(e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, aprecoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI),and/or a rank indicator (RI).

FIG. 12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam managementprocedures: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement ontransmit (Tx) beams of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multipleTRPs), e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beamsand/or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row,respectively, of P1). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweepfor a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovalsrotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow).Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams(shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwisedirection indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used toenable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row ofP2, as ovals rotated in a counter-clockwise direction indicated by thedashed arrow). The UE and/or the base station may perform procedure P2using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or usingnarrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referredto as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beamdetermination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweepingan Rx beam at the UE.

FIG. 12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam managementprocedures: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a basestation to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support aselection of one or more UE Tx beams and/or base station Rx beams (shownas ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U1).Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set ofbeams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in aclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at thebase station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams(shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in acounter-clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UEuses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and/or the base station may performprocedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1,or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may bereferred to as beam refinement The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjustits Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based ondetecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., apreamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and/or the like) based on theinitiating of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failurebased on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of anassociated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error ratehigher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower thana received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and/or thelike).

The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or morereference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS/PBCH blocks, one ormore CSI-RS resources, and/or one or more demodulation reference signals(DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more ofa block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plusnoise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ)value, and/or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station mayindicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one ormore DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared datachannel, and/or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs ofthe channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Dopplershift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rxparameter, fading, and/or the like) from a transmission via the RSresource to the UE are similar or the same as the channelcharacteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

A network (e.g., a gNB and/or an ng-eNB of a network) and/or the UE mayinitiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRC_IDLE state and/or anRRC_INACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request aconnection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random accessprocedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the randomaccess procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplinktransmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and/oracquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status isnon-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure torequest one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other systeminformation such as SIB2, SIB3, and/or the like). The UE may initiatethe random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. Anetwork may initiate a random access procedure for a handover and/or forestablishing time alignment for an SCell addition.

FIG. 13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random accessprocedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station maytransmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedureillustrated in FIG. 13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 11311, a Msg 2 1312, a Msg 3 1313, and a Msg 4 1314. The Msg 1 1311 mayinclude and/or be referred to as a preamble (or a random accesspreamble). The Msg 2 1312 may include and/or be referred to as a randomaccess response (RAR).

The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, usingone or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate oneor more random access channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one ormore RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: generalparameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g.,RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon);and/or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The basestation may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to oneor more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g.,dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED stateand/or in an RRC_INACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the oneor more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and/or an uplinktransmit power for transmission of the Msg 1 1311 and/or the Msg 3 1313.Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine areception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 2 1312 andthe Msg 4 1314.

The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions availablefor transmission of the Msg 1 1311. The one or more PRACH occasions maybe predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or moreavailable sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-ConfigIndex).The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a)one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. Theone or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) oneor more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or morereference signals may be SS/PBCH blocks and/or CSI-RSs. For example, theone or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS/PBCH blocksmapped to a PRACH occasion and/or a number of preambles mapped to aSS/PBCH blocks.

The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 1 1311and/or Msg 3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters mayindicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a receivedtarget power and/or an initial power of the preamble transmission).There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACHparameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: apower ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a poweroffset between transmissions of the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313;and/or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or moreRACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which theUE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., an SSB and/orCSI-RS) and/or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrierand/or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).

The Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., apreamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRCmessage may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g.,group A and/or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or morepreambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathlossmeasurement and/or a size of the Msg 3 1313. The UE may measure an RSRPof one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs) anddetermine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRPthreshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and/or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UEmay select at least one preamble associated with the one or morereference signals and/or a selected preamble group, for example, if theassociation between the one or more preambles and the at least onereference signal is configured by an RRC message.

The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACHparameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, theUE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRPmeasurement, and/or a size of the Msg 3 1313. As another example, theone or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximumnumber of preamble transmissions; and/or one or more thresholds fordetermining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). Abase station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UEwith an association between one or more preambles and one or morereference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs). If the association isconfigured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 1 1311based on the association. The Msg 1 1311 may be transmitted to the basestation via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or morereference signals (e.g., SSBs and/or CSI-RSs) for selection of thepreamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACHparameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMskIndex and/or ra-OccasionList) mayindicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or morereference signals.

The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is receivedfollowing a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplinktransmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select aninitial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and/or atarget received preamble power configured by the network. The UE maydetermine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmitpower. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g.,PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preambleretransmission. The ramping step may be an amount of incrementalincrease in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may rampup the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal(e.g., SSB and/or CSI-RS) that is the same as a previous preambletransmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and/orretransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, forexample, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a thresholdconfigured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax).

The Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios,the Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs.The Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmittingof the Msg 1 1311. The Msg 2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH andindicated on a PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 21312 may indicate that the Msg 1 1311 was received by the base station.The Msg 2 1312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used bythe UE to adjust the UE's transmission timing, a scheduling grant fortransmission of the Msg 3 1313, and/or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI).After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 2 1312. The UE maydetermine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion thatthe UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start thetime window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble(e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preambletransmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on anumerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (e.g., aType1-PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UEmay identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier(RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating therandom access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI).The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UEtransmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTIbased on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index;and/or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example ofRA-RNTI may be as follows:RA-RNTI=1+s_id+14×t_id+14×80×f_id+14×80×8×ul_carrier_idwhere s_id may be an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion(e.g., 0≤s_id<14), t_id may be an index of a first slot of the PRACHoccasion in a system frame (e.g., 0≤t_id<80), f_id may be an index ofthe PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0≤f_id<8), andul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission(e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

The UE may transmit the Msg 3 1313 in response to a successful receptionof the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 2 1312).The Msg 3 1313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example,the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A. Insome scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to abase station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds toa UE. Collisions may occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR ascorresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg3 1313 and the Msg 4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood thatthe UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. Toperform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier inthe Msg 3 1313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in theMsg 2 1312, and/or any other suitable identifier).

The Msg 4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmittingof the Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 3 1313, the basestation will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE'sunique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure isdetermined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in theMsg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state or not otherwiseconnected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using aDL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decodedand a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CEthat matches or otherwise corresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g.,transmitted) in Msg 3 1313, the UE may determine that the contentionresolution is successful and/or the UE may determine that the randomaccess procedure is successfully completed.

The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and anormal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random accessprocedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a basestation may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: onefor an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random accessin a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate whichcarrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, forexample, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lowerthan a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random accessprocedure (e.g., the Msg 1 1311 and/or the Msg 3 1313) may remain on theselected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the randomaccess procedure (e.g., between the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313) inone or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and/or switch anuplink carrier for the Msg 1 1311 and/or the Msg 3 1313 based on achannel clear assessment (e.g., a listen-before-talk).

FIG. 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure.Similar to the four-step contention-based random access procedureillustrated in FIG. 13A, a base station may, prior to initiation of theprocedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. Theconfiguration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to theconfiguration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13Bcomprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 2 1322.The Msg 1 1321 and the Msg 2 1322 may be analogous in some respects tothe Msg 1 1311 and a Msg 2 1312 illustrated in FIG. 13A, respectively.As will be understood from FIGS. 13A and 13B, the contention-free randomaccess procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 3 1313and/or the Msg 4 1314.

The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B maybe initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCelladdition, and/or handover. For example, a base station may indicate orassign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 1 1321. The UE mayreceive, from the base station via PDCCH and/or RRC, an indication of apreamble (e.g., ra-PreambleIndex).

After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of abeam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UEwith a separate time window and/or a separate PDCCH in a search spaceindicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId). The UE maymonitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) onthe search space. In the contention-free random access procedureillustrated in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that a random accessprocedure successfully completes after or in response to transmission ofMsg 1 1321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 2 1322. The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure successfully completes, forexample, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE maydetermine that a random access procedure successfully completes, forexample, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifiercorresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and/or the RARcomprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE maydetermine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SIrequest.

FIG. 13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similarto the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a basestation may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit aconfiguration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 maybe analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and/orthe configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13Ccomprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and/orone or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block1342 may comprise contents that are similar and/or equivalent to thecontents of the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A. The transport block1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK/NACK, and/or the like).The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmittingthe Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similarand/or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., an RAR)illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B and/or the Msg 4 1314 illustrated inFIG. 13A.

The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG. 13C forlicensed spectrum and/or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine,based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step randomaccess procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio accesstechnology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and/or the like); whether the UE hasvalid TA or not; a cell size; the UE's RRC state; a type of spectrum(e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and/or any other suitable factors.

The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in theconfiguration message 1330, a radio resource and/or an uplink transmitpower for the preamble 1341 and/or the transport block 1342 included inthe Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and codingschemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and/or a power control for thepreamble 1341 and/or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resourcefor transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and atime-frequency resource for transmission of the transport block 1342(e.g., a PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and/or CDM. The RACHparameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and adownlink channel for monitoring for and/or receiving Msg B 1332.

The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data),an identifier of the UE, security information, and/or device information(e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The basestation may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331. TheMsg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preambleidentifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplinkgrant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and/or an MCS); a UE identifierfor contention resolution; and/or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI).The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure issuccessfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 ismatched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and/or the identifier ofthe UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The controlsignaling may be referred to as L1/L2 control signaling and mayoriginate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and/or the MAC layer (e.g.,layer 2). The control signaling may comprise downlink control signalingtransmitted from the base station to the UE and/or uplink controlsignaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink schedulingassignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resourcesand/or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemptionindication; a power control command; and/or any other suitablesignaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in apayload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred toas downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH maybe a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC)parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmissionerrors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), thebase station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of theUE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC paritybits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusiveOR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. Theidentifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporaryidentifier (RNTI).

DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated bythe type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, aDCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) mayindicate paging information and/or a system information changenotification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFE” in hexadecimal. ADCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI(SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the systeminformation. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFF” in hexadecimal. ADCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI)may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI having CRC paritybits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamicallyscheduled unicast transmission and/or a triggering of PDCCH-orderedrandom access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporarycell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g., a Msg 3analogous to the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A). Other RNTIsconfigured to the UE by a base station may comprise a ConfiguredScheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI(TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI),a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI(INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-PersistentCSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI(MCS-C-RNTI), and/or the like.

Depending on the purpose and/or content of a DCI, the base station maytransmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format0_0 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 0_0 may bea fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 0_1may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCIpayloads than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for schedulingof PDSCH in a cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g.,with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 1_1 may be used for scheduling ofPDSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1_0). DCIformat 2_0 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a groupof UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of aphysical resource block and/or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume notransmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used fortransmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH orPUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPCcommands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for newfunctions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may havedifferent DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCIwith channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scramblingand/or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulatedDCI on resource elements used and/or configured for a PDCCH. Based on apayload size of the DCI and/or a coverage of the base station, the basestation may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number ofcontiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguousCCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and/orany other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) ofresource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block inan OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on theresource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g.,CCE-to-REG mapping).

FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for abandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on oneor more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise atime-frequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using oneor more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in thetime-frequency domain. In the example of FIG. 14A, a first CORESET 1401and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The firstCORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequencydomain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs at a third symbol in the slot. Afourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot. CORESETsmay have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCItransmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mappingmay be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providingfrequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for thepurposes of facilitating interference coordination and/orfrequency-selective transmission of control channels). The base stationmay perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs.A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRCconfiguration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasico-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicateQCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCHreception in the CORESET.

The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprisingconfiguration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more searchspace sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an associationbetween a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set maycomprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregationlevel. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCHcandidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoringperiodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats tobe monitored by the UE; and/or whether a search space set is a commonsearch space set or a UE-specific search space set. A set of CCEs in thecommon search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set ofCCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on theUE's identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource fora CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REGmapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and/or mappingparameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of theCORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of searchspace sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UEmay monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configurationparameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCHcandidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs.Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the setof the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats.Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCHcandidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (orconfigured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCHcandidates in common search spaces, and/or number of PDCCH candidates inthe UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats.The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determinea DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambledbits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE mayprocess information contained in the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment,an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlinkpreemption, and/or the like).

The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink controlinformation (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling maycomprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements forreceived DL-SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQacknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplinkcontrol signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI)indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE maytransmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on thereceived CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g.,comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlinktransmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests(SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is availablefor transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g.,HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via aphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUCCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via aPUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH formatbased on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCItransmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a lengthof one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE maytransmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if thetransmission is over one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACKinformation bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK/SR bits) is oneor two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteenOFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCHformat 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number ofHARQ-ACK/SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or twoOFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCHformat 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the numberof UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number betweenfour and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. TheUE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols,the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does notinclude an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a numberbetween four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than twobits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or moresymbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resourceincludes an orthogonal cover code.

The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for aplurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. Theplurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may beconfigured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may beconfigured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCHresources with a PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCH resourceidentifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and/or a number (e.g. a maximumnumber) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of theplurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configuredwith a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of theplurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCIinformation bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and/or CSI). If the total bitlength of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select afirst PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “0”.If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two andless than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select asecond PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to“1”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than thefirst configured value and less than or equal to a second configuredvalue, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCHresource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCIinformation bits is greater than the second configured value and lessthan or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourthPUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.

After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCHresource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCHresource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and/or SR) transmission. The UE maydetermine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in aDCI (e.g., with a DCI format 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. Athree-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eightPUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resourceindicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI and/or SR) using aPUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 incommunication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobilecommunication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobilecommunication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1B, or any othercommunication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one basestation 1504 are illustrated in FIG. 15 , but it will be understood thata mobile communication network may include more than one UE and/or morethan one base station, with the same or similar configuration as thoseshown in FIG. 15 .

The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a corenetwork (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface(or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the basestation 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 isknown as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wirelessdevice 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known asthe uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplinktransmissions using FDD, TDD, and/or some combination of the twoduplexing techniques.

In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from thebase station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of thebase station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent tothe base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided tothe processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processingsystem 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 andlayer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer,for example, with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A.Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG. 2B.

After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent tothe wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processingsystem 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed bythe processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 maybe provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wirelessdevice 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and thetransmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSIfunctionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A,FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layermay perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transportchannels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels tophysical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and/or the like.

At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receivethe uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wirelessdevice 1502, a reception processing system 1522 may receive the downlinktransmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSIfunctionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A,FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 , and FIG. 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer mayperform, for example, error detection, forward error correctiondecoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physicalchannels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antennaprocessing, and/or the like.

As shown in FIG. 15 , a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used toperform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatialmultiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO),transmit/receive diversity, and/or beamforming. In other examples, thewireless device 1502 and/or the base station 1504 may have a singleantenna.

The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may beassociated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readablemediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may beexecuted by the processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518to carry out one or more of the functionalities discussed in the presentapplication. Although not shown in FIG. 15 , the transmission processingsystem 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the receptionprocessing system 1512, and/or the reception processing system 1522 maybe coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computerreadable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that maybe executed to carry out one or more of their respectivefunctionalities.

The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 maycomprise one or more controllers and/or one or more processors. The oneor more controllers and/or one or more processors may comprise, forexample, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP),a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) and/or other programmable logicdevice, discrete gate and/or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, an on-board unit, or any combination thereof. The processingsystem 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 may perform at least oneof signal coding/processing, data processing, power control,input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that may enablethe wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in awireless environment.

The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518 may beconnected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or moreperipherals 1526 may include software and/or hardware that providefeatures and/or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, akeypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver,a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, anelectronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and/or one or moresensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, aradar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, acamera, and/or the like). The processing system 1508 and/or theprocessing system 1518 may receive user input data from and/or provideuser output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and/or the one ormore peripherals 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device1502 may receive power from a power source and/or may be configured todistribute the power to the other components in the wireless device1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, forexample, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combinationthereof. The processing system 1508 and/or the processing system 1518may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527,respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may beconfigured to provide geographic location information of the wirelessdevice 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. Abaseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel mayperform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise atleast one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generatecomplex-valued symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbolsonto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generatecomplex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mappingof precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and/or the like.In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal foruplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transformprecoding is not enabled, an CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission maybe generated by FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examplesand it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented invarious embodiments.

FIG. 16B illustrates an example structure for modulation andup-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The basebandsignal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for anantenna port and/or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior totransmission.

FIG. 16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions. Abaseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform oneor more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling ofcoded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel;modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulationsymbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulationsymbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping ofcomplex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resourceelements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port; and/or the like. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments.

FIG. 16D illustrates another example structure for modulation andup-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The basebandsignal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port.Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a pluralityof cells (e.g. primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device maycommunicate with at least one base station (e.g. two or more basestations in dual-connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one ormore messages (e.g. as a part of the configuration parameters) maycomprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers forconfiguring the wireless device. For example, the configurationparameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAClayer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parametersmay comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC,RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and/or communication channels.

A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running untilit is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is notrunning or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with avalue (e.g. the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may bestarted from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration ofa timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g.,due to BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a timeperiod/window for a process. When the specification refers to animplementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will beunderstood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or moretimers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of themultiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a timeperiod/window for the procedure. For example, a random access responsewindow timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving arandom access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry ofa random access response window timer, the time difference between twotime stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process formeasurement of time window may be restarted. Other exampleimplementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a timewindow.

In existing technologies, a wireless device may perform radio linkmonitoring (RLM) of a cell based on a TCI state of a coreset. The TCIstate of the coreset may correspond to a receiving beam of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may measure, for the RLM of the cell, aquality (e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, SNR, SINR, RSRP) of a referencesignal indicated by the TCI state of the coreset.

A wireless device may receive, from a base station, an activationcommand (e.g., MAC CE) activating at least two TCI states for a coreset.The at least two TCI states may correspond to different receiving beamsof the wireless device.

In an example, the base station may transmit the activation commandactivating the at least two TCI states for a control channel repetition.The base station may transmit, for the control channel repetition, aplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs based on the at least two TCI states (e.g., atleast two receiving beams at the wireless device). The base station maytransmit, for the control channel repetition, each DCI/PDCCH of theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs based on a respective TCI state of the at leasttwo TCI states. This may increase control channel reliability androbustness.

In an example, the base station may transmit the activation commandactivating the at least two TCI states for a high-speed train (HST)scenario. The HST scenario may require a high mobility (e.g., up to 500km/h), consistent passenger user experience, and critical traincommunication reliability with very high mobility. In the HST scenario,a plurality of remote radio heads (RRHs) (and/or analogous elements suchas, for example, base station distributed units) may transmit to (orreceive from) the wireless device in the train. This may reduce a numberof handovers and may enhance the user experience. Each RRH of theplurality of RRHs may comprise two TRPs. Each TRP of the two TRPs may beoriented in different (e.g., opposite) directions along a railway track.A challenge in the HST scenario may be a high Doppler shift (e.g., about1.2 kHz for 2.6 GHz and about 1.6 kHz for 3.5 GHz). The high Dopplershift may be caused by a high speed (e.g., 500 km/h) of the train,higher frequency (e.g., 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz) and the characteristics of SFNdeployment. For example, when the wireless device is located in themiddle of two RRHs of the plurality of RRHs, the wireless device in thetrain may experience +N and −N Doppler shifts simultaneously (e.g.,N=1.6 kHz). The significant difference of the Doppler shifts experiencedsimultaneously by the wireless device may cause performance degradation(e.g., channel estimation degradation). Receiving a downlink controlinformation via the coreset based on the at least two TCI states of thecoreset may improve channel estimation performance.

In the implementation of the existing technologies, the wireless devicemay perform an RLM of a cell based on a single TCI state of a coreset.This may not be efficient when at least two TCI states of the coresetare activated. For example, the wireless device may perform the RLM ofthe cell based on a first TCI state of the at least two TCI states. Thebase station may not have information on the first TCI state used toperform the RLM of the cell. The base station may assume that thewireless device performs the RLM of the cell based on a different TCIstate (e.g., a second TCI state of the at least two TCI states) than thewireless device used to perform the RLM. The wireless device maydetect/declare a radio link failure (RLF) based on a quality of a firstreference signal indicated by the first TCI state being worse (e.g.,higher BLER, lower RSRP, lower SINR, lower SNR) than a threshold. Basedon the assumption (at the base station) that the wireless deviceperforms the RLM of the cell based on the second TCI state, when thebase station receives, from the wireless device, an indication for theRLF detected by the wireless device based on the first TCI state, thebase station may update the second TCI of the at least two TCI stateswith a new TCI state. The beams indicated by the first TCI state and thesecond TCI state may point in different directions and may be subject to(for example) significant Doppler shifts. The misalignment of the beamsat the wireless device and the base station may result in early RLFdetection/declaration, reduced data rate, increased power consumption torecover the RLF, and increased latency of a successful communication.

The example embodiments enhance/improve RLM of a cell when a coreset isactivated with at least two TCI states. For example, the wireless devicemay determine/select, based on a predefined rule, a selected TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states when the coreset is activated with theat least two TCI states. The wireless device may measure, for the RLM ofthe cell, a quality of a reference signal indicated by the selected TCIstate. Based on the predefined rule, the base station may haveinformation on the selected TCI state that the wireless device performsthe RLM. The base station may be aware of the quality of the selectedTCI state based on receiving an indicating of the RLF of the cell. Thebase station may update the selected TCI state with a new TCI statebased on receiving an indicating of the RLF of the cell.Determining/selecting the selected TCI state based on a predefined rulemay reduce the beam misalignment between the base station and thewireless device. In an example predefined rule, the wireless device maydetermine the selected TCI state based on at least two TCI state indexesof the at least two TCI states. In an example predefined rule, thewireless device may determine the selected TCI state based on monitoringperiodicities of search space sets associated with (for example, mappedto) the at least two TCI states. In an example predefined rule, thewireless device may determine the selected TCI state based on searchspace set indexes of search space sets associated with (for example,mapped to) the at least two TCI states. In an example predefined rule,configuration parameters or a downlink control information transmittedby the base station may indicate the selected TCI state to be used forthe RLM.

In an example, the wireless device may measure, for the RLM of the cell,radio link qualities of at least two reference signals indicated by theat least two TCI states. Each TCI state of the at least two TCI statesmay indicate a respective reference signal of the at least two referencesignals. The wireless device may measure, for each reference signal ofthe at least two reference signals, a respective radio link quality ofthe radio link qualities. The wireless device may determine ajoint\single block error rate based on the radio link qualities ofreference signals. The joint\single block error rate may be, forexample, an average of the radio link qualities. The wireless device maydetermine/detect the RLF of the cell, for example, based on the averageof the radio link qualities. The joint\single block error rate may be,for example, a maximum (or minimum) of the radio link qualities Thewireless device may determine/detect the RLF of the cell, for example,based on the maximum (or minimum) of the radio link qualities. Combiningthe radio link qualities of reference signals may indicate a failurestatus/condition of the coreset better. In an example, the wirelessdevice may detect the RLF, when both of the at least two TCI states arein failure (or have a low quality, lower RSRP, lower SNR, lower SINR, orhigher BLER than a threshold). In an example, the wireless device maynot detect the RLF, when at least one of the at least two TCI states isnot in failure (or have a good quality, higher RSRP, higher SNR, higherSINR, or lower BLER than a threshold).

The example embodiments may reduce early RLF detection/declaration,increase data rate, reduce power consumption, and reduce latency of asuccessful communication.

A wireless device may monitor a downlink radio link quality of a cell(e.g., PCell, SCell, PsCell, SpCell, etc.). Based on the monitoring thedownlink radio link quality, a lower layer of the wireless device (e.g.,PHY, MAC) may indicate out-of-sync (OoS) or in-sync (IS) to a higherlayer of the wireless device (e.g., MAC, RRC). In an example, thewireless device may monitor the downlink radio link quality for anactive downlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the wireless device may receive, e.g., from a basestation, configuration parameters. The configuration parameters mayindicate, by a higher layer parameter (e.g., failureDetectionResource),a downlink BWP of the cell with a set of resource indexes (e.g., throughRadioLinkMonitoringRS) for a link monitoring (e.g., radio linkmonitoring, beam failure detection, beam failure recovery procedure,link recovery procedure, etc.). The set of resource indexes may comprisea CSI-RS resource configuration index (e.g., csi-RS-Index). The set ofresource indexes may comprise a SS/PBCH block index (e.g., ssb-Index).The set of resource indexes may indicate one or more RSs (e.g., CSI-RS,SS/PBCH block). In an example, the CSI-RS resource configuration indexmay indicate a CSI-RS. In an example, the SS/PBCH block index mayindicate a SS/PBCH block.

In an example, a number of resource indexes in the set of resourceindexes may be up to a maximum number of RLM-RSs (e.g., N_(RLM)RadioLinkMonitoringRS) for the link monitoring (e.g., radio linkmonitoring, beam failure recovery procedure, link recovery procedure,etc.). In an example, a number of resource indexes in the set ofresource indexes may be equal to or less than a maximum number ofRLM-RSs for the link monitoring. In an example, a cardinality of the setof resource indexes may be up to a maximum number of RLM-RSs for thelink monitoring. In an example, a cardinality of the set of resourceindexes may be equal to or less than a maximum number of RLM-RSs for thelink monitoring. In an example, a number of RSs in the one or more RSsmay be up to a maximum number of RLM-RSs for the link monitoring. In anexample, a number of RSs in the one or more RSs may be equal to or lessthan a maximum number of RLM-RSs for the link monitoring. In an example,the configuration parameters may indicate the maximum number of RLM-RSs.In an example, the maximum number of RLM-RSs may bepreconfigured/predetermined/preset. In an example, the maximum number ofRLM-RSs may be fixed. In an example, the maximum number of RLM-RSs maybe based on subcarrier spacing. In an example, the maximum number ofRLM-RSs may be based on a maximum number of SS/PBCH blocks transmittedper half frame (e.g., L_max=2, 4, 8, 64). In an example, the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs (N_(RLM)) may be two when the maximum number ofSS/PBCH blocks transmitted per half frame is four. In an example, themaximum number of RLM-RSs (N_(RLM)) may be four when the maximum numberof SS/PBCH blocks transmitted per half frame is eight. In an example,the maximum number of RLM-RSs (N_(RLM)) may be eight when the maximumnumber of SS/PBCH blocks transmitted per half frame is sixty-four.

In an example, the wireless device may not measure/assess, for a linkmonitoring of a cell, reference signals more than the maximum number ofRLM-RSs. The reference signals more than the maximum number of RLM-RSsmay comprise a number of the reference signals being more than themaximum number of RLM-RSs. The wireless device may measure/assess, forthe link monitoring of the cell, reference signals up to the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs. The wireless device may not have a capability ofmeasuring/assessing/tracking reference signals more than the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs. For example, when the maximum number of RLM-RSs istwo, the wireless device may measure/assess, for the link monitoring, upto two reference signals (e.g., RS 1 and RS 2). The wireless device maynot measure/assess, for the link monitoring, more than two referencesignals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2 and RS 3). For example, when the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs is three, the wireless device may measure/assess, forthe link monitoring, up to three reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2 andRS 3). The wireless device may not measure/assess, for the linkmonitoring, more than three reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, RS 3and RS 4).

In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate one or morecoresets for the downlink BWP. In an example, the one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate, for a coreset of the one or morecoresets, a plurality of TCI states (e.g., by a first higher layerparameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList and/or a second higher layerparameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToReleaseList). In an example, the wirelessdevice may receive an activation command (e.g. a MAC CE activationcommand) indicating/activating a TCI state of the plurality of TCIstates for the coreset. In an example, the (activated or active) TCIstate may comprise/indicate an RS index (e.g., csi-RS-Index, ssb-index)indicating an RS (e.g., CSI-RS). Based on the receiving the activationcommand indicating/activating the TCI state, the wireless device maymonitor, for a DCI, PDCCH in the coreset based on the RS indicated bythe (activated or active) TCI state. Based on the receiving theactivation command indicating/activating the TCI state, the wirelessdevice may assume that one or more DMRS antenna ports for a PDCCHreception in the coreset is quasi co-located with the RS.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate,for a coreset of the one or more coresets, a TCI state (e.g., by a firsthigher layer parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList and/or a second higherlayer parameter tci-StatesPDCCH-ToReleaseList). In an example, based onbeing configured with the TCI state, the base station may not transmitan activation command (e.g. a MAC CE activation command) for thecoreset. In an example, based on being configured with the TCI state,the wireless device may activate the TCI state for the coreset. In anexample, the (activated or active) TCI state may comprise/indicate an RSindex (e.g., csi-RS-Index, ssb-index) indicating an RS (e.g., CSI-RS).The wireless device may monitor, for a DCI, PDCCH in the coreset basedon the RS indicated by the (activated or active) TCI state. The wirelessdevice may assume that one or more DMRS antenna ports for a PDCCHreception in the coreset is quasi co-located with the RS.

In an example, the configuration parameters may not indicate, for thedownlink BWP of the cell, a set of resource indexes (e.g., throughRadioLinkMonitoringRS) for a link monitoring. The configurationparameters may not comprise a higher layer parameter (e.g.,failureDetectionResource). In an example, the wireless device maymonitor, for PDCCH receptions, the one or more coresets of the downlinkBWP based on one or more TCI states. In an example, the one or more TCIstates may comprise/indicate one or more RSs (e.g., CSI-RSs). In anexample, the wireless device may use, for the link monitoring, RS(s)indicated/provided/included in the one or more TCI states. In anexample, the RS(s) may have QCL type(s) (e.g., QCL-TypeD). In anexample, the RS(s) may be periodic. In an example, the RS(s) may beaperiodic. In an example, the RS(s) may be semi-persistent. In anexample, the one or more coresets of the downlink BWP may comprise afirst coreset and a second coreset. In an example, the wireless devicemay receive, for the first coreset, a first activation command (e.g.,MAC CE activation command) indicating/activating a first TCI state ofthe one or more TCI states. The first TCI state may indicate a first RSof the one or more RSs. In an example, the wireless device may receive asecond activation command indicating/activating a second TCI state ofthe one or more TCI states. The second TCI state may indicate a secondRS of the one or more RSs. The first RS may have a QCL-TypeD. The secondRS may have a QCL-TypeD. In an example, the wireless device may, for thelink monitoring, use/select the first RS indicated by the first (active)TCI state and the second RS indicated by the second (active) TCI state.

In an example, the configuration parameters may not indicate (e.g., by ahigher layer parameter (e.g., failureDetectionResource)), for thedownlink BWP of the cell, a set of resource indexes (e.g., throughRadioLinkMonitoringRS) for a link monitoring. In an example, theconfiguration parameters may indicate, for PDCCH receptions, one or moreTCI states (e.g., by a first higher layer parametertci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList and/or a second higher layer parametertci-StatesPDCCH-ToReleaseList) for the one or more coresets of thedownlink BWP. In an example, a maximum number of SS/PBCH blockstransmitted per half frame may be a first number. In an example, thefirst number may be four (e.g., L_max=4). In an example, the firstnumber may be eight (e.g., L_max=8). In an example, the first number maybe sixty-four (e.g., L_max=64). In an example, a number of the one ormore coresets may be greater than the maximum number of RLM-RSs. In anexample, the one or more coresets of the downlink BWP may comprise afirst coreset, a second coreset, and a third coreset (the number of theone or more coresets is equal to three). In an example, the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs may be two. In an example, a number of coresets in theone or more coresets may be greater than the maximum number of RLM-RSs.In an example, the one or more coresets of the downlink BWP may comprisea first coreset, a second coreset, and a third coreset (the number ofcoresets in the one or more coresets is equal to three). In an example,the maximum number of RLM-RSs may be two. Based on the number ofcoresets in the one or more coresets being greater than the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs, the wireless device may apply, for the linkmonitoring, an RS selection rule. In an example, the wireless device mayselect, in the RS selection rule for the link monitoring, RS(s)indicated by active TCI state(s) of the one or more TCI states. In anexample, the selecting the RSs may comprise selecting the RSs indicatedby the active TCI state(s) of coresets, of the one or more coresets,associated with (or linked to) search space sets in an order from ashortest monitoring periodicity. In an example, the selecting the RSsmay comprise selecting the RSs indicated by the active TCI state(s) ofcoresets, of the one or more coresets, identified by, in an order from,a highest coreset index. In an example, a number of the RS(s) may beequal to or less than the maximum number of RLM-RSs. In an example, anumber of RSs in the RS(s) may be equal to or less than the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs.

The wireless device may not measure/assess, for a link monitoring of acell, reference signals more than the maximum number of RLM-RSs, forexample, when the configuration parameters do not indicate, for thedownlink BWP of the cell, the set of resource indexes (e.g., throughRadioLinkMonitoringRS) for the link monitoring.

FIG. 17 illustrates example configuration parameters for control and/ordata as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Awireless device may receive one or more radio resource control (RRC)messages comprising configuration parameters of a cell. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise one or more parameters of aserving cell configuration (e.g., ServingCellConfig). The one or moreparameters of the serving cell configuration may indicate one or moredownlink bandwidth parts (e.g., a list of BWP-Downlinks). The one ormore parameters of the serving cell configuration may indicate one ormore uplink bandwidth parts (e.g., a list of BWP-Uplinks). A downlinkbandwidth part (e.g., BWP-Downlink) and/or an uplink bandwidth part(e.g., BWP-Uplink) may comprise a bandwidth part index (e.g., bwp-Id),configuration parameters of a cell-common downlink bandwidth part (e.g.,BWP-DownlinkCommon), and/or a UE-specific downlink bandwidth part (e.g.,BWP-DownlinkDedicated). For example, the bandwidth part index (bwp-Id)may indicate a bandwidth part configuration, wherein an index of thebandwidth part is the bandwidth part index. The bandwidth partconfiguration may comprise a location and bandwidth information(locationAndBandwidth). The locationAndBandwidth may indicate a startingresource block (RB) of the bandwidth part and a bandwidth of thebandwidth part, based on a reference point (e.g., a pointA of acarrier/cell for the bandwidth part). The bandwidth part configurationmay comprise a subcarrier spacing (e.g., subcarrierSpacing) and a cyclicprefix (e.g., cyclicPrefix). For example, the subcarrier spacing may beone of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, 480 kHz, and 960 kHz.For example, the cyclic prefix may be one of a normal cyclic prefix andan extended cyclic prefix.

Configuration parameters of the cell-specific downlink bandwidth (e.g.,BWP-DownlinkCommon) may comprise genericParameters, pdcch-ConfigCommon,and/or pdsch-ConfigCommon. For example, pdcch-ConfigCommon may comprisecell-specific parameters for receiving downlink control information(DCIs) via the cell-specific downlink bandwidth part (e.g., an initialBWP). For example, pdsch-ConfigCommon may comprise cell-specificparameters for receiving PDSCHs of transport blocks (TBs) via thecell-specific downlink bandwidth part. Configuration parameters of theUE-specific downlink bandwidth part (e.g., BWP-DownlinkDedicated) maycomprise pdcch-Config, pdsch-Config, sps-Config, and/orradioLinkMonitoringConfig (e.g., RLM-Config). The configurationparameters may comprise sps-ConfigList and/orbeamFailureRecoverySCellConfig. For example,beamFailureRecoverySCellConfig may comprise reference signal parametersfor beam failure recovery for secondary cells. For example, pdcch-Configmay comprise parameters for receiving DCIs for the UE-specific downlinkbandwidth part. For example, pdsch-Config may comprise parameters forreceiving PDSCHs of TBs for the UE-specific downlink bandwidth part. Forexample, sps-Config may comprise parameters for receivingsemi-persistent scheduling PDSCHs. The base station may configure a SPSfor a BWP or a list of SPS for the BWP. For example,radioLinkMonitoringConfig may comprise parameters for radio linkmonitoring.

Configuration parameters of pdcch-Config may comprise at least one of aset of coresets, a set of search spaces, a downlink preemption (e.g.,downlinkPreemption), a transmission power control (TPC) for PUSCH (e.g.tpc-PUSCH), a TPC for PUCCH and/or a TPC for SRS. The configurationparameters may comprise a list of search space switching groups (e.g.,searchsSpaceSwitchingGroup), a search space switching timer (e.g.,searchSpaceSwitchingTimer), an uplink cancellation, and/or a monitoringcapability configuration (e.g., monitoringCapabilityConfig). The basestation may configure the list of search space switching groups, wherethe wireless device may switch from a first search space group to asecond search space group based on the search space switching timer or arule, an indication, or an event. The base station may configure up to K(e.g., K=3) coresets for a BWP of a cell. The downlink preemption mayindicate whether to monitor for a downlink preemption indication for thecell. The monitoring capability config may indicate whether a monitoringcapability of the wireless device would be configured for the cell,where the capability is based on a basic capability or an advancedcapability. The base station may configure up to M (e.g., M=10) searchspaces for the BWP of the cell. The tpc-PUCCH, tpc-PUSCH, or tpc-SRS mayenable and/or configure reception of TPC commands for PUCCH, PUSCH orSRS respectively. The uplink cancellation may indicate to monitor uplinkcancellation for the cell.

Configuration parameters of pdcch-ConfigCommon may comprise a controlresource set zero (e.g., controlResourceSetZero), a common controlresource set (e.g., commonControlResourceSet), a search space zero(e.g., searchSpaceZero), a list of common search space (e.g.,commonSearchSpaceList), a search space for SIB1 (e.g., searchSpaceSIB1),a search space for other SIBs (e.g., searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation),a search space for paging (e.g., pagingSearchSpace), a search space forrandom access (e.g., ra-SearchSpace), and/or a first PDCCH monitoringoccasion. The control resource set zero may comprise parameters for afirst coreset with an index value zero. The coreset zero may beconfigured for an initial bandwidth part of the cell. The wirelessdevice may use the control resource set zero in a BWP of the cell,wherein the BWP is not the initial BWP of the cell based on one or moreconditions. For example, a numerology of the BWP may be same as thenumerology of the initial BWP. For example, the BWP may comprise theinitial BWP. For example, the BWP may comprise the control resource setzero. The common control resource set may be an additional commoncoreset that may be used for a common search space (CSS) or aUE-specific search space (USS). The base station may configure abandwidth of the common control resource set is smaller than or equal toa bandwidth of the control resource set zero. The base station mayconfigure the common control resource set such that it is containedwithin the control resource set zero (e.g., CORESET #0). The list ofcommon search space may comprise one or more CSSs. The list of commonsearch space may not comprise a search space with index zero (e.g., SS#0). The first PDCCH monitoring occasion may indicate monitoringoccasion for paging occasion. The base station may configure a searchspace for monitoring DCIs for paging (e.g., pagingSearchSpace), for RARmonitoring (e.g., ra-SearchSpace), for SIB1 (e.g., searchSpaceSIB1)and/or for other SIBs than SIB1 (e.g.,searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation). The search space with index zero(e.g., searchSpaceZero, SS #0) may be configured for the initial BWP ofthe cell. Similar to the corset #0, the SS #0 may be used in the BWP ofthe cell based on the one or more conditions.

FIG. 18 illustrates example configuration parameters for a coreset asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. AControlResourceSet (coreset) may comprise a coreset index (e.g.,ControlResourceSetId), frequency domain resources (e.g.,frequencyDomainResources), a duration of the coreset (e.g., a number ofOFDM symbols between [1, maxCoReSetDuration], wheremaxCoReSetDuration=3) and a control channel element (CCE) to resourceelement group (REG) mapping type (e.g., between interleaved andnonInterleaved). When the CCE-REG mapping type is configured asinterleaved, the base station may also configure a bundle size of REG(e.g., regBundleSize) and a interleaver size (e.g., interleaverSize).The coreset may also comprise a precoder granularity (e.g., between sameas REG bundle (e.g., sameAsREG-bundle) and across all contiguous RBs(e.g., allContiguousRBs)). For example, when the precoder granularity isconfigured as ‘same as REG bundle’, the wireless device may assume thata same precoder is used across REGs in a bundle. For example, when theprecoder granularity is configured as ‘across all contiguous RBs’, thewireless device may assume that a same precoder is used across RBs incontiguous RBs of the coreset. The coreset may comprise a list of TCIstates, wherein the coreset is not a coreset #0. The coreset maycomprise a parameter of a TCI presence in DCI. The wireless device mayexpect a DCI format comprising a TCI indication in a DCI based on theDCI format being scheduled via a search space associated with thecoreset if the coreset is configured with the TCI presence in DCI. Forexample, the DCI format may be a DCI format 1_1 and/or a DCI format 0_1.The coreset may optionally comprise one or more of a DMRS scramblingidentity, a coreset pool index, an enhanced coreset index (e.g., ControlResourceSetId-v16xy), a TCI present in DCI for a DCI format 1_2, and anRB offset. For example, when the enhanced coreset index is present inthe coreset configuration, the wireless device may ignore the coresetindex. The enhanced coreset index may indicate a value between [0, . . ., 15] whereas the coreset index may indicate a value between [0, . . . ,11].

A coreset is associated with a search space, where the wireless devicemay determine search space candidates and/or monitoring occasions of thesearch space based on configuration of the search space and the coreset.A search space is associated with a coreset, where the wireless devicemay determine search space candidates and/or monitoring occasions of thesearch space based on configuration of the search space and the coreset.Parameters of the search space may comprise an index of the coreset whenthe search space is associated with the coreset or the coreset isassociated with the search space.

A search space may comprise an index of the search space (e.g.,searchSpaceId), an index for associated coreset (e.g.,controlResourceSetId), a monitoring periodicity and offset (e.g.,periodicity in terms of a number of slots and an offset in terms of anumber of slots, between [1, 2560] slots for periodicity, an offsetbetween [0, . . . , P−1] where the P is the periodicity). The searchspace may comprise a duration, wherein the wireless device may monitorthe search space in a consecutive slots starting from the monitoringoccasion based on the duration. The base station may not configure theduration for a search space scheduling a DCI format 2_0. A maximumduration value may be the periodicity −1 (e.g., repeated in each slotwithin an interval/periodicity). The search space may comprise amonitoring symbols within a slot (e.g., a bitmap of size of OFDM symbolsin a slot (e.g., 12 for extended cyclic prefix (CP), 14 for normal CP)).The search space may comprise a set of a number of candidates of eachaggregation level (e.g., a first candidate number for an aggregationlevel L=1, a second candidate number of an aggregation level L=2, and soon). The search space may comprise a search space type (e.g., betweenCSS and USS). Each CSS or USS may comprise one or more DCI formatsmonitored in the search space. For example, for CSS, one or more of aDCI format 0_0/1_0, a DCI format 2_0, a DCI format 2_1, a DCI format 2_2and a DCI format 2_3 may be configured. For USS, the base station mayconfigure a list of search space group index (if configured). For USS,the base station may configure a frequency monitoring occasion/locationfor a wideband operation of unlicensed spectrum or licensed spectrum. Inthe specification, DCI format 0_0/1_0 may be interchangeably used withDCI format 0-0/1-0 or fallback DCI format. DCI format 0_1/1_1 may beinterchangeably used with DCI format 0-1/1-1 or non-fallback DCI format.DCI format 0_2/1_2 may be interchangeably used with DCI format 0-2/1-2or non-fallback DCI format.

Configuration parameters of the pdsch-Config may comprise parameters forreceiving transport blocks. For example, the configuration parametersmay comprise a data scrambling identify for PDSCH, a DM-RS mapping type(e.g., between mapping type A and mapping type B), a list oftransmission configuration indicator (TCI) states, a parameter of(virtual RB) VRB-to-(physical RB) PRB interleaves, resource allocationtype (e.g., resource allocation type 0, resource allocation type 1 or adynamic switch between two), a list of time domain allocation, aaggregation factor, a list of rate matching patterns, a RBG (resourceblock group) size, a MCS table (e.g., between QAM 256 and a QAM64LowSE,between high MCSs or low MCSs), a maximum codeword (e.g., between 1 or2), parameter(s) related to a PRB bundling, maximum MIMO layer, aminimum scheduling offset related to a power saving technique, and/orone or more parameters related to a DCI format 1_2 (e.g., a compact DCIor small sized DCI format).

In an example, the base station may configure a coreset with a pluralityof TCI states. The base station may indicate a TCI of the plurality ofTCI states for the coreset as an active TCI state via a MAC CE commandor a DCI command. For example, a serving cell index (e.g., Serving CellID) may indicate an index of a serving cell, where the MAC CE commandapplies. A coreset index (e.g., CORESET ID) may indicate a coreset indexwhere the MAC CE command applies. A TCI state index (e.g., TCI State ID)may indicate a TCI state identified by TCI-StateId. For example, whenthe coreset is CORESET #0, the TCI state ID may indicate one TCI stateof first 64 TCI states configured for pdsch-Config of a BWP of theserving cell. The BWP of the serving cell may be an active BWP of thecell. When the coreset is not the CORESET #0 (e.g., CORESET ID is notzero), the TCI state ID may indicate a TCI state of the plurality of TCIstates configured for the coreset in pdcch-Config.

In an example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may compriseone or more control-channel elements (CCEs). For example, the PDCCH maycomprise one CCE that may correspond to an aggregation level (AL)=1. Forexample, the PDCCH may comprise two CCEs that may correspond to an AL oftwo (AL=2). For example, the PDCCH may comprise four CCEs that maycorrespond to an AL of four (AL=4). For example, the PDCCH may compriseeight CCEs that may correspond to an AL of eight (AL=8). For example,the PDCCH may comprise sixteen CCEs that may correspond to an AL ofsixteen (AL=16).

In an example, a PDCCH may be carried over one or more control resourcesets (coresets). A coreset may comprise N_rb_coreset resource blocks(RBs) in the frequency domain and N_symbol_coreset symbols in the timedomain. For example, the N_rb_coreset may be multiple of 6 RBs (e.g., 6,12, 18, . . . ). For example, N_symbol_coreset may be 1, 2 or 3. A CCEmay comprise M (e.g., M=6) resource-element groups (REGs). For example,one REG may comprise one RB during one OFDM symbol. REGs within thecoreset may be ordered/numbered in increasing order in a time-firstmanner, starting with 0 for a first OFDM symbol and a lowest number(e.g., a lowest frequency) RB in the coreset. The wireless device mayincrease the numbering in the first OFDM symbol by increasing afrequency location or a RB index. The wireless device may move to a nextsymbol in response to all RBs of the first symbol may have been indexed.The wireless device may map one or more REG indices for one or more 6RBs of N_rb_coreset RBs within N_symbol_coreset OFDM symbols of thecoreset.

In an example, a wireless device may receive configuration parametersfrom a base station. The configuration parameters may indicate one ormore coresets. One coreset may be associated with one CCE-to-REGmapping. For example, a single coreset may have a single CCE mapping tophysical RBs/resources of the single coreset. For example, a CCE-to-REGof a coreset may be interleaved or non-interleaved. For example, a REGbundle may comprise L consecutive REGs (e.g., iL, iL+1, iL+L−1). Forexample, L may be a REG bundle size (e.g., L=2 or 6 forN_symbol_coreset=1 and L=N_symbol_coreset or 6 when N_symbol_coreset is2 or 3). An index of a REG bundle (e.g., i), may be in a range of [0, 1,. . . N_reg_coreset/L−1]. For example, N_reg_coreset may be defined asN_rb_coreset*N_symbol_coreset (e.g., a total number of REGs in thesingle coreset). For example, a j-th indexed CCE may comprise one ormore REG bundles of {f(6j/L), f(6j/L+1), f(6j/L+6/L−1)}. For example,f(x) may be an interleaver function. In an example, f(x) may be x (e.g.,j-th CCE may comprise 6j/L, 6j/L+1, . . . , and 6j/L+6/L−1), when theCCE-to-REG mapping may be non-interleaved. When the CCE-to-REG mappingmay be interleaved, L may be defined as one of {2, 6} whenN_symbol_coreset is 1 or may be defined as one of {N_symbol_coreset, 6}when N_symbol_coreset is 2 or 3. When the CCE-to-REG mapping may beinterleaved, the function f(x) may be defined as (rC+c+n_shift) mod(N_reg_coreset/L), wherein x=cR+r, r=0, 1, . . . , R−1, c=0, 1, . . . ,C−1, C=N_reg_coreset/(L*R), and R is one of {2, 3, 6}.

For example, the configuration parameters may comprise afrequencyDomainResources that may define N_rb_coreset. The configurationparameters may comprise duration that may define N_symbol_coreset. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise cce-REG-MappingType that may beselected between interleaved or non-interleaved mapping. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise reg-BundleSize that may define avalue for L for the interleaved mapping. For the non-interleavedmapping, H 6 may be predetermined. The configuration parameters maycomprise shiftIndex that may determine n_shift as one of {0, 1, . . . ,274}. The wireless device may determine/assume a same precoding for REGswithin a REG bundle when precoder granularity (e.g., aprecoderGranularity indicated/configured by the configurationparameters) is configured as sameAsREG-bundle. The wireless device maydetermine/assume a same precoding for all REGs within a set ofcontiguous RBs of a coreset when the precoderGranularity is configuredas allContiguousRBs.

For a first coreset (e.g., CORESET #0) may be defined/configured withL=6, R=2, n_shift=cell ID, and precoderGranularity=sameAsREG-bundle.

In an example, a base station may transmit one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may befor a plurality of serving cells for a wireless device. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise parameter(s) to enable controlchannel repetition. For example, the control channel repetition may betransmitted via one or more serving cells. The control channelrepetition may schedule one or more resources for a transport block. Thetransport block may be transmitted via one or more PDSCHs or one or morePUSCHs. For example, the control channel repetition may be transmittedvia a single cell, where the single cell may operate with a singletransmission and reception point (TRP) or a plurality of TRPs. The basestation may transmit one or more control channels for a control channelrepetition via one or more resources (e.g., or a plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions) in different frequencyresources (e.g., repetition in a frequency domain or in a plurality ofcarriers/cells). The one or more resources may overlap in time domain.The base station may transmit one or more second control channels for acontrol channel repetition via one or more second resources (e.g., or aplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions) indifferent time resources (e.g., repetition in a time domain or in aplurality of slots). The one or more second resources may overlap infrequency domain. For example, the base station may transmit therepetitions of the control channel repetition via a plurality ofcoresets of the single cell. For example, the base station may transmitthe control channel repetition via a plurality of search spaces of thesingle cell.

In an example, the control channel repetition may be transmitted via aplurality of PDCCHs. For example, a PDCCH may indicate a physicalcontrol channel transmitted in one search space candidate. A searchspace candidate may comprise one or more CCEs based on an aggregationlevel. The plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted via a plurality ofcoresets of a plurality of cells. For example, the base station maytransmit, via a coreset of a cell of the plurality of cells, a PDCCH ofthe plurality of the PDCCHs. The plurality of PDCCHs may be transmittedvia a plurality of coresets of a cell. For example, the base station maytransmit, via a coreset of the plurality of coresets, a PDCCH of theplurality of the PDCCHs. The plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted viaa plurality of search spaces, where a PDCCH of the plurality of PDCCHsmaybe transmitted via a search space of the plurality of search spaces.The plurality of PDCCHs may be transmitted via a plurality of searchspace candidates where each PDCCH of the plurality of PDCCHs may betransmitted via a respective search space candidate of the plurality ofsearch space candidates. The plurality of search space candidates maybelong to a single search space or a plurality of search spaces. Asearch space may comprise a set of search space candidates overmonitoring occasions. Monitoring occasions of the search space may refertiming occasions where the wireless device may monitor a search spacecandidate for receiving a DCI/a PDCCH.

In an example, a PDCCH of the plurality of PDCCHs for the controlchannel repetition may convey/transmit a DCI based on a DCI format. Forexample, a first DCI of a first PDCCH of the plurality of PDCCHs may bethe same as a second DCI of a second PDCCH of the plurality of PDCCHs.For example, content of the first DCI/PDCCH may be same as content ofthe second DCI/PDCCH. Based on same content of the plurality of PDCCHs,the wireless device may aggregate the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs beforedecoding a DCI/PDCCH. For example, the wireless device may need todetermine a reference frequency domain resource (e.g., a referencedownlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasion) and/ora reference time domain resource (e.g., a reference downlink controlsignal/channel transmission/repetition occasion) and/or a reference CCEindex and/or a reference REG index when the control channel repetitionis transmitted/performed via equal content DCIs/PDCCHs. For example, thewireless device may determine an aggregated DCI/PDCCH by aggregating theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs. The wireless device may decode the aggregatedDCI/PDCCH.

For example, the reference frequency domain resource of the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs may be determined based on an earliest PDCCH (or a latestPDCCH) among the plurality of PDCCHs. For example, when a first PDCCH ofthe plurality of PDCCHs is transmitted in a slot n and a second PDCCH ofthe plurality of PDCCHs is transmitted in a slot n+1, the first PDCCHmay determine the reference frequency domain resource. Similarly, thereference time domain resource and/or the reference CCE index and/or thereference REG may be determined based on the earliest PDCCH or thelatest PDCCH. The reference frequency (and/or time) domain resource ofthe plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be determined based on a CORESET indexof one or more CORESETs where the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs aretransmitted. For example, a smallest (or a largest) coreset index of theone or more CORESETs may be used for the determining.

The reference frequency (and/or time) domain resource of the pluralityof DCIs/PDCCHs may be determined based on a search space index of one ormore search spaces where the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs are transmitted.For example, a smallest (or a largest) index of the one or more searchspaces may be used for the determining. The reference frequency domainresource of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be determined based on acell index of one or more cells where the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs aretransmitted. For example, a smallest (or a largest) index of the one ormore cells may be used for the determining. Similarly, the referencetime domain resource and/or the reference CCE index and/or the referenceREG may be determined based on the CORESET index, the search space indexand/or the cell index. Combinations of transmission time, a CORESETindex, a search space and/or a cell index may be used. For example,first the reference frequency domain resource may be determined based onthe transmission time of a DCI/PDCCH. When there are multipleDCIs/PDCCHs transmitted at a same time, the wireless device may use theCORESET index or the search space index and/or the cell index to furtheridentify a reference DCI/PDCCH among the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs. Thewireless device may determine the reference DCI/PDCCH for determiningthe reference frequency domain resource, the reference time domainresource, the reference CCE index and/or the reference REG index.

In an example, the base station may, by/via the configurationparameters, configure/indicate a maximum repetition number K for thecontrol channel repetition. The base station may transmit a number ofrepetitions M that is smaller than the K. In response to the M beingsmaller than K, the wireless device may determine the referenceDCI/PDCCH based on a candidate DCI/PDCCH in K-th repetition regardlesswhether the K-th repetition has been actually transmitted or not (or theK-th repetition has been actually received or not). The wireless devicemay determine the reference DCI/PDCCH based on a first DCI/PDCCH whichis a first repetition. The wireless device may determine the referenceDCI/PDCCH based on a last DCI/PDCCH which has been actually transmitted(e.g., M-th repetition). For a convenience, in the specification, thistype of control channel repetition (e.g., same content is repeated overa plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs) may be called/referred as a first controlchannel repetition mode (e.g., a mode 1, a repetition mode 1, a 1strepetition mode). In an example, a base station may configure a list oftime domain resource allocation entries. A time domain resourceallocation entry may comprise a number of repetition of a controlchannel, a scheduling offset between the control channel and a PDSCH,and/or a number of PDSCH repetition. For example, the number ofrepetition of the control channel may represent the number of repetitionK. Based on the number of repetition, the wireless device may determinea reference DCI/PDCCH timing based on K-th DCI/PDCCH repetition. Therepeated DCIs/PDCCHs may indicate an entry of the list of time domainresource allocation entries.

In an example, a first DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may bedifferent from a second DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs. Forexample, a wireless device may not aggregate the first DCI/PDCCH and thesecond DCI as contents of the first DCI/PDCCH may be different. Thewireless device may attempt to decode the first DCI/PDCCH separatelyfrom the second DCI/PDCCH. For example, the wireless device may completethe decoding of the control channel repetition when the wireless devicehas received at least one DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs. Forexample, the wireless device may be able to receive or transmit a TBscheduled by the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs when the wireless device hasreceived at least one DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs. In thespecification, this type of control channel repetition (e.g.,potentially different contents are transmitted via a plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs, a DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may scheduleone or more resources of a transport block) may be called/referred as asecond control channel repetition mode (e.g., a mode 2, a repetitio mode2, a 2nd repetition mode). For example, a reference DCI/PDCCH of theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs based on the second control channel repetitionmode may be each DCI/PDCCH received by the wireless device.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a PDCCH repetition as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station may transmitone or more RRC messages comprising configuration parameters. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise parameters for a control channelrepetition. The parameters may comprise one or more schedulingcarriers/cells for transmitting one or more PDCCHs/DCIs of repeatedcontrol channels (or of the control channel repetition). The parametersmay comprise one or more search spaces for the control channelrepetition. FIG. 19 illustrates an example of enabling a control channelrepetition via a first search space (SS #1) of a first carrier/cell (DLcarrier #0). The parameters may indicate one or more indexes of the oneor more search spaces of the first carrier and/or a carrier/cell indexof the first carrier. The base station may transmit a first PDCCH,scheduling a TB via the first carrier, via the first search space of thefirst carrier. The base station may transmit a second PDCCH, schedulingthe TB via the first carrier, via the first search space of the firstcarrier. The first PDCCH and the second PDCCH may be transmitted via aplurality of monitoring occasions of the first search space. Thewireless device may aggregate the first PDCCH and the second PDCCH basedon the first control channel repetition mode or may attempt toreceive/decode each PDCCH independently based on the second controlchannel repetition mode. Based on the first PDCCH and/or the secondPDCCH, the wireless device may receive the TB.

In an example, a base station may transmit one or more RRC messagesindicating a control channel repetition enabled for a firstcarrier/cell. Based on the indication of the control channel repetition,a wireless device may determine one or more first search spaces of thefirst carrier/cell, for the control channel repetition, based on theactive BWP of the first carrier/cell. For example, the one or more firstsearch spaces may be configured with a non-fallback DCI format or beconfigured with a DCI format 1_1 and/or a DCI format 1_2 and/or a DCIformat 0_1 and/or a DCI format 0_2. In an example, the one or more RRCmessages may indicate one or more search space indexes of the one ormore first search spaces for the control channel repetition. The one ormore RRC messages may indicate one or more DCI formats, where thewireless device may apply the control channel repetition. The wirelessdevice may determine the one or more first search spaces of the firstcarrier/cell based on the one or more DCI formats of the control channelrepetition.

In an example, a base station may transmit a plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs,scheduling resource(s) for a transport block of a cell, via a pluralityof TRPs or via a plurality of coreset pools or via a plurality ofcoreset groups. For example, a base station may configure a first TRP(or a first coreset pool) for a first cell via one or more RRC messages.The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise the first coreset pool of thefirst cell. The configuration parameters may comprise a second coresetpool of the first cell. For example, the second coreset pool maycorrespond to a second TRP of the first cell. The base station maytransmit a first DCI/PDCCH via a first search space of a first coresetof the first coreset pool. The base station may transmit a secondDCI/PDCCH via a second search space of a second coreset of the secondcoreset pool. The first DCI/PDCCH and the second DCI/PDCCH may scheduleresource(s) of a transport block. The first/PDCCH and the secondDCI/PDCCH may be repeated transmission of a control information (e.g.,DCI). The transport block, for example, may be transmitted via the firstTRP and the second TRP. The transport block may be transmitted based ona plurality of TCI states. The transport block may be transmitted basedon a TCI state, where the TCI state is associated with a plurality ofTCI states. The transport block, for example, may be transmitted via thefirst TRP or the second TRP.

The configuration parameters may indicate a control channel repetitionenabled/configured for the first cell. For example, a parameter of acontrol channel repetition mode may be configured. The control channelrepetition mode may be the first control channel repetition mode or thesecond control channel repetition mode. The configuration parameters mayindicate a first coreset associated with (or configured with or of) thefirst coreset pool. The configuration parameters may indicate a secondcoreset associated with (or configured with or of) the second coresetpool. The wireless device may determine a pair of the first coreset andthe second coreset, where repeated DCI/PDCCHs may be transmitted, basedon a rule. For example, the wireless device may determine the firstcoreset of the first coreset pool based on a search space associatedwith the first coreset, where the wireless device may monitor a DCIformat via the search space. For example, the DCI format may be a DCIformat 1_1 or a DCI format 0_1 or a DCI format 1_2 or a DCI format 0_2(or a DCI format 3_0 or a DCI format 3_1). When there is a plurality offirst search spaces, of the first coreset pool, configured with the DCIformat, the wireless device may determine the plurality of firstcoresets of the first coreset pool. Similarly, the wireless device maydetermine the second coreset of the second coreset pool based on asearch space associated with the second coreset, where the wirelessdevice may monitor the DCI format via the search space. When there is aplurality of second search spaces, of the second coreset pool,configured with the DCI format, the wireless device may determine theplurality of second search spaces. In an example, the wireless devicemay be configured with at most one search space for a DCI format in eachcoreset pool.

In an example, the wireless device may determine the second coreset ofthe second coreset pool based on a first coreset index of the firstcoreset of the first coreset pool. For example, a second index of thesecond coreset may be the first coreset index+GAP. For example, the GAPmay be a determined/predetermined value (e.g., 0, 12). For example, theconfiguration parameters may comprise a parameter indicating a value ofthe GAP. In an example, the wireless device may determine the secondcoreset based on a second search space, associated with the secondcoreset, and the first search space. For example, an index of the secondsearch space may be a first index of the first search space+SS-GAP. Forexample, SS-GAP may be a predetermined value (e.g., 20, 0). For example,the wireless device may determine the second coreset and/or the secondsearch space based on an association configured by the configurationparameters. For example, the configuration parameters may indicate theassociation between each of a coreset/search space associated with thefirst coreset pool and each of a coreset/search space associated withthe second coreset pool. In an example, the configuration parameters maycomprise a first coreset and/or a first search space of the firstcoreset pool. The wireless device may monitor a first DCI/PDCCH via thefirst search space of the first coreset pool. The configurationparameters may indicate/comprise a parameter indicating a controlchannel repetition across a multi-TRP or a multi-coreset pool for thefirst coreset or the first search space. Based on the parameter, thewireless device may determine a second coreset or a second search spaceof the second coreset pool. For example, the wireless device maydetermine the second coreset based on one or more parameters of thefirst coreset. For example, a same set of resource blocks configured forthe first coreset may be used for the second coreset. For example,monitoring occasions of the first search space may be used fordetermining monitoring occasions of the second search space.

In an example, a base station may indicate a control channel repetitionbased on (or for) a coreset. For example, the base station may transmita plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs via the coreset. The base station maytransmit the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs over a plurality of TRPs. The basestation may transmit one of more RRC messages and/or MAC CEs indicatinga plurality of TCI states are activated for the coreset. For example,the plurality of TCI states may comprise a first TCI state,corresponding to a first TRP of the plurality of TRPs, and a second TCIstate, corresponding to a second TRP of the plurality of TRPs. The basestation may transmit one or more second RRC messages comprisingconfiguration parameters for the coreset. For example, the configurationparameters may indicate a control channel repetition based on thecoreset. The configuration parameters may indicate the control channelrepetition across a plurality of TRPs. The configuration parameters mayindicate a repetition pattern across the plurality of TRPs. For example,the repetition pattern (e.g., TRP switching pattern) may be [0, . . . ,0, 1, . . . , 1] where 0 may represent a first TRP of the plurality ofTRPs and 1 may represent a second TRP of the plurality of TRPs. The basestation may indicate, for example via the configuration parameters, abitmap indicating a number of control channel repetition. Each bit ofthe bitmap may represent which TRP may transmit i-th repetition. Therepetition pattern may be [0, 1, 0, 1, . . . , 0, 1]. The repetitionpattern may be [0, 0, . . . , 0, 1, 1, . . . , 1, 0, 0, . . . , 0, 1, 1,. . . , 1]. Various repetition patterns may be considered. Based on therepetition pattern, the wireless device may receive a control channelrepetition based on a TCI state of the plurality of TCI states. Forexample, when the repetition pattern indicates the first TRP, thewireless device may receive the control channel repetition based on thefirst TCI state. When the repetition indicates the second TRP, thewireless device may receive the control channel repetition based on thesecond TCI state.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of control channel repetition across aplurality of TRPs as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The base station may transmit one or more RRC messagescomprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters mayindicate/comprise a first TRP (TRP #0) and a second TRP (TRP #1)associated with a cell. The configuration parameters maycomprise/indicate a control channel repetition across a multi-TRP (e.g.,via the first TRP and the second TRP). The base station may transmit afirst DCI/PDCCH (e.g., PDCCH #1) via the first TRP or a first coresetpool. The first DCI/PDCCH may comprise/indicate resources scheduling aTB via the multi-TRP. The base station may transmit a second DCI/PDCCH(e.g., PDCCH #2) via the second TRP or a second coreset pool. The secondDCI/PDCCH may comprise/indicate the resources scheduling the TB via themulti-TRP. The first DCI/PDCCH and the second DCI/PDCCH may indicate asame HARQ process index (e.g., HARQ-K) scheduling the TB. The basestation may transmit a third DCI/PDCCH via the first TRP. The basestation may transmit a fourth DCI/PDCCH (e.g., PDCCH #4) via the secondTRP. A control information scheduling the TB may be repeated four timesvia a plurality of TRPs. A wireless device may monitor the firstDCI/PDCCH and the third DCI/PDCCH based on a first TCI state, associatedwith the first TRP or the first coreset pool. The wireless device maymonitor the second DCI/PDCCH and the fourth DCI/PDCCH based on a secondTCI state, associated with the second TRP or the second coreset pool.

The base station may repeat the TB via four repetitions of the first TRPand via four repetitions of the second TRP. The wireless device mayrepeat the TB simultaneously via the first TRP and the second TRP whenthe wireless device may support simultaneous reception via the first TRPand the second TRP. When the wireless device may not supportsimultaneous reception via the first TRP and the second TRP, the basestation may transmit the repeated transmission of the TB via the firstTRP and the second TRP based on a time-domain division multiplexing. Forexample, the base station may transmit a first repetition of therepeated transmission via the first TRP. The base station may transmit asecond repetition of the repeated transmission via the second TRP. Aswitching pattern between the first TRP and the second TRP may beconfigured by the base station based on RRC/MAC-CE/DCI signaling. Thefirst DCI and the second DCI may schedule the repeated transmissions ofthe TB. Embodiments of a control channel repetition via a plurality ofTRPs may enhance a reliability and lead better QoS experience.

In an example, a base station may transmit one or more RRC messagescomprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters mayindicate a control channel repetition enabled for a cell. The basestation may transmit a plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs scheduling a transportblock via a plurality of coresets of the cell. For example, theconfiguration parameters may configure a first coreset and a secondcoreset for the control channel repetition. The configuration parametersmay comprise/indicate a first search space associated with the firstcoreset. The configuration parameters may comprise/indicate a secondsearch space associated with the second coreset. The configurationparameters may comprise/indicate a first TCI state associated with thefirst coreset. The configuration parameters may comprise/indicate asecond TCI state associated with the second coreset. The first TCI statemay be same or different from the second TCI state. The configurationparameters may comprise/indicate a set of first TCI states associatedwith the first coreset. One or more MAC CEs may indicate the first TCIstate of the set of the first TCI states for the first coreset. Forexample, the configuration parameters may comprise/indicate a set ofsecond TCI states associated with the second coreset. One or more secondMAC CEs may indicate the second TCI state of the set of the second TCIstates for the second coreset. The configuration parameters may indicatethe first coreset and the second coreset are associated to schedulerepeated DCIs/PDCCHs for a transport block.

In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate/comprise asearch space associated with the first coreset and the second coreset.The configuration parameters may comprise a plurality of coresetindexes. The configuration parameters may comprise a coreset index, ofthe plurality of coreset indexes, indicating the first coreset. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise one or more indexes, of theplurality of coreset indexes, of repeated/additional coresets (e.g.,coresets used for a control channel repetition in addition to the firstcoreset, the second coreset). For example, an index of the one or moreindexes may indicate the second coreset. When the first coreset and thesecond coreset are associated for a control channel repetition, firstparameters of the first coreset and second parameters of the secondcoreset may have restriction in terms of configuration. For example, aset of resource blocks (RB) in frequency domain of the first coreset maybe same to (or a subset of or a superset of) a set of resource block infrequency domain of the second coreset. The wireless device maydetermine a set of RBs belonging to the first coreset and the secondcoreset for the control channel repetition. For example, a firstduration of the first coreset may be same to a second duration of thesecond coreset. For example, a number of REGs of the first coreset maybe same as a number of REGs. For example, a number of CCEs of the firstcoreset may be same as (or less than or larger than) a number of CCEs ofthe second coreset. The wireless device may determine a number of REGsbased on the determined set of RBs or based on the set of RBs of thefirst coreset. For example, a first CCE-to-REG mapping type of the firstcoreset (e.g., between interleaved or non-interleaved) may be same as asecond CCE-to-REG mapping type of the second coreset. For example, aprecoder granularity of the first coreset may configured as same to aprecoder granularity of the second coreset. For example, a firsttci-PresenceInDCI of the first coreset may same as a secondtci-PresenceInDCI of the second coreset. For example, a first rb-Offsetof the first coreset may be same as a second rb-Offset of the secondcoreset.

The first coreset and the second coreset may have potentially differentconfigurations for one or more parameters. For example, the one or moreparameters may comprise one or more TCI states. For example, the one ormore parameters may comprise DM-RS scrambling identity (e.g.,pdcch-DMRS-ScramblingID). For example, the one or more parameters maycomprise a coreset pool index (e.g., coresetPoolIndex). For example, theone or more parameters may comprise a coreset index.

When the wireless device may receive first configuration parameters ofthe first coreset and second configuration parameters of the secondcoreset, the wireless device determines whether a first number of CCEsof the first coreset is equal to or smaller (or larger) than a secondnumber of CCEs of the second coreset. Based on the determining, thewireless device may consider the first coreset and the second coresetmay be used for a control channel repetition. Otherwise, the wirelessdevice may determine the first coreset and the second coreset may not beused for the control channel repetition. Alternatively, the wirelessdevice may determine a smallest number of CCEs (e.g., M) among one ormore number of CCEs of one or more coresets (e.g., determine a coresetof the one or more coresets with a smallest number of CCEs). Forexample, the one or more coresets may be configured/indicated/used for acontrol channel repetition. The wireless device maydetermine/assume/consider that first M candidates of each coreset of theone or more coresets are used for the control channel repetition.

In an example, a wireless device may determine a number of REGs of afirst coreset of one or more coresets configured for a control channelrepetition. The wireless device may determine a second number of REGs ofa second coreset of the one or more coresets. The wireless device maydetermine whether the number of REGs is equal to the second number ofREGs. In response to the determining the number of REGs being equal tothe second number of REGs, the wireless device may consider the controlchannel repetition is configured via the first coreset and the secondcoreset. Otherwise, the wireless device may consider the configurationas an error case and may not activate the control channel repetition viathe first coreset and the second coreset. In an example, the wirelessdevice may determine a smallest number of REGs of the one or morecoresets (e.g., determine a coreset with a smallest number of REGs). Thewireless device may assume that the smallest number of REGs used for thecontrol channel repetition.

The configuration parameters of the search space, associated with thefirst coreset and the second coreset, may comprise/indicate a switchingpattern or mapping pattern of the first coreset and the second coreset.For example, the wireless device may determine a search space monitoringoccasion based on the configuration parameters of the search space. Thewireless device may determine the search space monitoring occasion basedon the first coreset. The wireless device may determine a second searchspace monitoring occasion or an extended monitoring occasion based on arule. For example, the wireless device may determine the second searchspace monitoring occasion as a next slot of the first monitoringoccasion. The wireless device may determine the second search spacemonitoring occasion based on the second search space. The configurationparameters may indicate a bitmap of a number of OFDM symbols in a slot(or of a number of slots e.g., a multiple slots). The bitmap mayindicate 0 for the first coreset or 1 for the second coreset for eachcorresponding OFDM symbol or a slot. When 0 is indicated for a OFDMsymbol, the wireless device may monitor a search space monitoringoccasion based on the first coreset. When 1 is indicated for a secondOFDM symbol, the wireless device may monitor a second search spacemonitoring occasion based on a second coreset.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messagescomprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters mayindicate/comprise a coreset of a bandwidth part of a cell. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise parameters of a search spaceassociated with the coreset. The parameters of the search space mayindicate a first monitoring periodicity in a unit of a first timeduration. For example, the first time duration may be a slot or a fewslots. The parameters of the search space may indicate a secondmonitoring periodicity in a unit of a second time duration. For example,the second time duration may be an OFDM symbol or a few OFDM symbols ora slot. For example, the second time duration may be smaller than thefirst time duration. The wireless device may monitor one or morerepeated DCIs/PDCCHs via one or more monitoring occasions (e.g., aplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions)determined based on the second monitoring periodicity within the firstmonitoring periodicity. For example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one ore monitoring occasions within the first monitoringperiodicity.

For example, the wireless device may receive/monitor a first DCI/PDCCHof the one or more repeated DCIs/PDCCHs via a first monitoring occasionof the one or more monitoring occasions. The wireless device mayreceive/monitor a second DCI/PDCCH of the one or more repeatedDCIs/PDCCHs via a second monitoring occasion of the one or moremonitoring occasions. The first DCI/PDCCH may be same as the secondDCI/PDCCH. The first DCI/PDCCH and the second DCI/PDCCH may indicatesame resource(s) for a transport block. The wireless device mayreceive/monitor a DCI via the one or more monitoring occasions, where asearch space candidate for the DCI may comprise one or more candidatesof the one or more monitoring occasions. For example, the search spacecandidate may comprise a first candidate of the first monitoringoccasion and a second candidate of the second monitoring occasion. Forexample, a first starting CCE index of the first candidate of the firstmonitoring occasion may be same as a second starting CCE index of thesecond candidate of the second monitoring occasion.

The wireless device may receive/monitor the DCI/PDCCH via the one ormore monitoring occasions, where the search space candidate for theDCI/PDCCH may comprise one or more CCEs from the one or more monitoringoccasions.

For example, the coreset may be associated with a plurality of TCIstates as active TCI states. For example, the plurality of TCI statesmay be activated via one or more RRC messages or MAC CEs or DCIs. Thewireless device may monitor the first monitoring occasion based on afirst TCI of the plurality of TCI states. The wireless device maymonitor the second monitoring occasion based on a second TCI of theplurality of TCI states.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of control channel repetition as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, a basestation may transmit one or more RRC messages comprising configurationparameters. The configuration parameters may comprise/indicate a coresetassociated with an active TCI state. A base station may activate theactive TCI state via the one or more RRC messages or one or more MAC CEsor one or more DCIs. The configuration parameters may comprise/indicatea bitmap indicating one or more monitoring occasions for a controlchannel repetition. FIG. 21 illustrates that a bitmap size is 14 (e.g.,the bitmap corresponds to a slot where each bit maps to each OFDMsymbol). The bitmap indicates monitoring occasions of 1st OFDM symboland 6th OFDM symbol of a slot. The configuration parameters mayindicate/comprise a first monitoring periodicity as two slots (e.g.,monitor in every two slots). In each monitoring periodicity, thewireless device may determine one or more monitoring occasions based onthe bitmap. For example, when the bitmap is not present, the wirelessdevice may determine a monitoring occasion starting at a first OFDMsymbol of a slot. In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device maydetermine a first monitoring occasion and a second monitoring occasionbased on the bitmap in each monitoring periodicity. The wireless devicemay monitor the first monitoring occasion and the second monitoringoccasion for receiving one or more DCIs/PDCCHs scheduling a transportblock.

In an example, the configuration parameters indicate, for a searchspace, one or more monitoring occasions within a monitoring periodicity.For example, monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset may determine themonitoring periodicity. When parameters may comprise amonitoringSymbolWithinSlot, the wireless device may determine themonitoring periodicity based on a gap between each monitoring occasionwithin the slot based on the monitoringSymbolWithinSlot. The wirelessdevice may expect an equal interval between monitoring occasions withinthe slot. Alternatively, the parameters may not comprise themonitoringSymbolsWithinSlot when the search space is used for a controlchannel repetition. In an example, the monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot maybe used to indicate the one or more monitoring occasions within amonitoring periodicity determined based on themonitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset when a control channel repetition isenabled. For example, a parameter to indicate enabling of the controlchannel repetition may be configured for the search space or for acoreset associated with the search space or a DCI format monitored viathe search space. For example, a duration of the search space may beused to determine the one or more monitoring occasions within themonitoring periodicity. For example, when the monitoring periodicity islarger than a slot, the wireless device may determine the one or moremonitoring occasions based on the monitoring periodicity and theduration. For example, when the monitoring periodicity is P slots andthe duration is D, the wireless device may determine a first monitoringoccasion of the one or more monitoring occasions based on themonitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset. The wireless device may determine asecond monitoring occasion of the one or more monitoring occasions as anext slot of the first monitoring occasion. The wireless device maydetermine D number of monitoring occasions starting from the firstmonitoring occasions in consecutive slots. For example, when a searchspace is configured/associated with a plurality of coresets, the searchspace may comprise a plurality of control resource set Id (e.g., acontrolResourceSetID and a second controlResourceSetID).

In an example, a base station may transmit a first DCI/PDCCH via a firstmonitoring occasion of the one or more monitoring occasions. The basestation may transmit a second DCI/PDCCH via a second monitoringoccasions of the one or more monitoring occasions. The first DCI/PDCCHand the second DCI/PDCCH may indicate same resource(s) for a transportblock. A first content of the first DCI/PDCCH may be same as ordifferent from a second content of the second DCI/PDCCH. The wirelessdevice may attempt to decode the first DCI/PDCCH independently from thesecond DCI/PDCCH. The wireless device may not assume that the basestation may transmit the first DCI/PDCCH and the second DCI/PDCCH. Thebase station may transmit one or more DCIs/PDCCHs over the one or moremonitoring occasions. The base station may transmit a single DCI/PDCCHover the one or more monitoring occasions. The base station may transmita DCI/PDCCH in each monitoring occasion. The base station may transmitany number of repeated DCIs/PDCCHs over the one or more monitoringoccasions.

The base station may indicate the first control channel repetition modeis used for the one or more monitoring occasions. Based on the firstcontrol channel repetition mode, the wireless device may determine anumber of the one or more monitoring occasions O in a monitoringperiodicity. Based on a time-first manner, a monitoring occasions of theone or more monitoring occasions is indexed from 0, . . . , O−−1. Thewireless device may attempt to decode one or more search spacecandidates aggregating candidates from the monitoring occasion from 0 toi (e.g., i=0, . . . , O−1 or i=0, 1, 3, 7, . . . ). For example, when Ois 4, the wireless device may attempt to decode a first candidateaggregating a candidate from 1st monitoring occasion of the one or moremonitoring occasions. The wireless device may attempt to decode a secondcandidate aggregating the candidate and another candidate from 2ndmonitoring occasion of the one or more monitoring occasions. Thewireless device may attempt to decode a fourth candidate aggregatingeach candidate of each monitoring occasion of the one or more monitoringoccasions. The wireless device may aggregate candidates from the one ormore monitoring occasions where a starting CCE index of a candidate ofthe candidates is same or the wireless device may determine candidatesbased on a rule. For example, the wireless device may determinecandidates of same frequency resources in each monitoring occasion. Forexample, the wireless device may determine candidates of same REGs (orsame REG indexes) in each monitoring occasion.

In an example, a wireless device may determine each list of candidatesvia each monitoring occasion of one or more monitoring occasions withina monitoring periodicity of a search space. The wireless device maydetermine a list of candidates across the one or more monitoringoccasions based on each list of candidates. The list of candidates maycomprise one or more candidates of an aggregation level. For example,the wireless device may determine a first list of candidates of a firstaggregation level 2*L based on two candidates over two monitoringoccasions of aggregation level L or four candidates over four monitoringoccasions of aggregation level L/2.

In an example of determination of one or more search space candidates ofan aggregation level across one or more monitoring occasions, a basestation may indicate four monitoring occasions in a monitoringperiodicity indexed from 1st to 4th monitoring occasion. In the example,a set of candidates for an aggregation level is assumed to be consistentacross the four monitoring occasions. For example, a first candidate ofan aggregation level 2 may start in 3rd CCE and a second candidate ofthe aggregation level 2 may start in 5th CCE. For example, a firstcandidate of an aggregation level 4 may start in N_CCE (e.g., a numberof CCEs)-8th CCE and a second candidate of the aggregation level 4 maystart in N_CCE-4th CCE. The wireless device may determine a list ofcandidates with an aggregation level 8 by combining/aggregating fourcandidates (one candidate from one monitoring occasion each) of theaggregation level 2 and/or by combining/aggregating two candidates (onecandidate from one monitoring occasion each) of the aggregation level 4.In the example, a first box in the left and a second small box in theright illustrate AL=8 candidates. The wireless device may determine morecandidates by aggregating/combining 2nd candidates of AL=2 and/or 2ndcandidates of AL=4. Similarly, the wireless device may determine acandidate of aggregation level (AL)=16 by combining/aggregating fourcandidates of AL=4. The wireless device may determine two AL=16.

The wireless device may not aggregate candidates wherein the candidatesmay not comprise a candidate from the first monitoring occasion (or 1stmonitoring occasion, an earliest monitoring occasion in a monitoringperiodicity). The wireless device may determine possible aggregationlevels and/or candidates by aggregating candidates from 1st monitoringoccasion, 1st+2nd monitoring occasions, 1st+2nd+3rd+4th monitoringoccasions, 1st+2nd+3rd+4th+5th-6th+7th+8th, . . . , and so on.

In an example, the wireless device may determine a list of candidatesfor an aggregation level based on a hashing function applied in eachslot. Same candidates may be mapped when a first monitoring occasion anda second monitoring occasion reside in a same slot. Otherwise, differentcandidates may be determined. A base station may transmit a DCI over acandidate of the across the one or more monitoring occasions.

In an example, a base station may transmit one or more messagescomprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters maycomprise/indicate a search space group for a control channel repetition.The search space group may comprise one or more search spaces. Forexample, the search group may comprise a first search space of a firstcarrier and a second search space of a second carrier. For example, thesearch space group may comprise a first search space of a first BWP of acell and a second search space of a second BWP of the cell. For example,the search space group may comprise a first search space of first BWP ofa first cell and a second search space of a second BWP of a second cell.For example, for a BWP of a cell, the configuration parameters mayindicate one or more search space groups. A search space group of theone or more search space groups may be associated/configured with one ormore DCI formats. In an example, a wireless device may determine asearch space group based on one or more search spacesconfigured/associated with the BWP of the cell, where each search spaceof the one or more search spaces may be configured to monitor a DCIformat of the one or more DCI formats. For example, the one or more DCIformats may comprise a DCI format 1_1 and a DCI format 0_1. For example,the one or more DCI formats may comprise a DCI format 0_0 and a DCIformat 1_0. For example, the one or more DCI formats may comprise a DCIformat 1_2 and a DCI format 0_2. For example, the one or more DCIformats may comprise a DCI format 3_0 and a DCI format 3_1. For example,the one or more DCI formats may comprise downlink/uplink DCIs ofnon-fallback DCIs. For example, the one or more DCI formats may comprisedownlink/uplink DCIs of fallback DCIs. For example, the one or more DCIformats may comprise DCI format(s) of sidelink DCIs.

The wireless device may determine a search space candidate over the oneor more search space of the search space group in a similar manneraddressed for a control repetition based on a plurality of coresets. Inan example, the wireless device may determine one or more monitoringoccasions in a slot based on the one or more search spaces. For example,in a slot n, the wireless device may determine one or more firstmonitoring occasions based on a first search space of the one or moresearch spaces. The wireless device may determine, in the slot n, one ormore second monitoring occasions based on a second search space of theone or more search spaces. The wireless device may monitor the one ormore first monitoring occasions and the one or more second monitoringoccasions in the slot n. The wireless device may not expect to haveoverlap between a monitoring occasion of a search space of the one ormore search spaces and a second monitoring occasion of a second searchspace of the one or more search spaces in a time domain. The wirelessdevice may monitor one or more repeated DCIs based on the DCI format viathe one or more monitoring occasions in the slot.

In an example, the one or more repeated DCIs may be transmitted, by thebase station, via one or more PDCCHs, where each PDCCH maycarry/transmit each DCI. Each DCI of the one or more repeated DCIs mayhave same content or different content. The wireless device mayaggregate the one or more repeated DCIs when each DCI may have samecontent. In an example, the one or more repeated DCIs may be transmittedvia a PDCCH, where the PDCCH may be transmitted over one or more searchspace candidates of the one or more search spaces. In an example, a DCImay be transmitted repeatedly via one or more PDCCHs, where each PDCCHmay carrier/transmit the DCI repeatedly.

In an example, a base station may associate a plurality of TCI stateswith a coreset as active TCI states. FIG. 22 illustrates an example of acoreset being associated with a plurality of TCI states as active TCIstates as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Inthe example, the base station may indicate a plurality of monitoringoccasions within a slot or in a monitoring periodicity for a controlchannel repetition. A wireless device may monitor a first monitoringoccasion based on a first TCI state of the plurality of TCI states. Thewireless device may monitor a second monitoring occasion based on asecond TCI state of the plurality of TCI states. The base station mayindicate a pattern to switch between the plurality of TCI states. Forexample, configuration parameters of a search space associated with thecoreset may comprise/indicate enabling a control channel repetition. Theconfiguration parameters may comprise/indicate enabling a TCI switchingor enabling the control channel repetition via a plurality of TCIstates. The configuration parameters may comprise/indicate a switchingpattern. For example, the switching pattern may be an alternatingbetween a first TCI state of the plurality of TCI states and a secondTCI state of the plurality of TCI states in each monitoring occasion ofone or more monitoring occasions within a monitoring periodicity or aslot or within a few slots (e.g., between a monitoring periodicityconfigured by monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset parameter of the searchspace). For example, the switching pattern may be a half-half betweenthe first TCI state and the second TCI state. For example, a number ofthe one or more monitoring occasions is K. The wireless device maymonitor first floor (K/2) monitoring occasion(s) based on the first TCIstate. The wireless device may monitor remaining monitoring occasion(s)based on the second TCI state within the monitoring periodicity. Forexample, the switching pattern may be a bitmap to indicate a TCI statein each monitoring occasion of the one or more monitoring occasions.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a MAC CE format (e.g., TCI StateIndication for UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE, Enhanced TCI State Indicationfor UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE) indicating/activating/updating/selectingone or more TCI states (e.g., TCI state 1 and TCI state 2) for a coresetof a serving cell. The base station may indicate, in the MAC CE format,one or more TCI state indexes (e.g., TCI state ID 1 and TCI state ID 2)to activate the one or more TCI states for the coreset (indicated by acoreset ID). The one or more TCI state indexes may indicate/identify theone or more TCI states. Each TCI state index of the one or more TCIstate indexes may indicate/identify a respective TCI state of the one ormore TCI states. The MAC CE format may comprise one or more fields. Afirst field of the one or more fields may indicate/comprise a servingcell index (e.g., Serving Cell ID provided by a higher layer parameterServCellIndex or indicated by one or more configuration parameters)of/identifying/indicating the serving cell. A second field of the one ormore fields may indicate/comprise a coreset index (e.g., Coreset ID)of/identifying/indicating the coreset of the serving cell. A third fieldof the one or more fields may indicate/comprise a first TCI state index(e.g., TCI state ID 1) of/identifying/indicating a first TCI state. Theone or more TCI states may comprise the first TCI state. A fourth field(e.g., R) of the one or more fields may be a reserved field. A fifthfield of the one or more fields may indicate/comprise a second TCI stateindex (e.g., TCI state ID 2) of/identifying/indicating a second TCIstate. In an example, the one or more fields of the MAC CE format maycomprise the second TCI state index based on a value of the fourth field(e.g., R). For example, when the value of the fourth field is equal tozero, the MAC CE format may not comprise the second TCI state index(e.g., the fifth field may be a reserved field). When the value of thefourth field is equal to one, the MAC CE format may comprise the secondTCI state index. The one or more TCI states may comprise the second TCIstate. The MAC CE format may be an activation command. The configurationparameters may indicate the first TCI state index for the first TCIstate. The configuration parameters may indicate the second TCI stateindex for the second TCI state. The configuration parameters mayindicate the coreset index for the coreset. The configuration parametersmay indicate the serving cell index for the serving cell. Theconfiguration parameters may indicate the one or more TCI state indexesfor the one or more TCI states. The one or more TCI states may comprisethe first TCI state and the second TCI state. The one or more TCI stateindexes may comprise the first TCI state index and the second TCI stateindex.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages. In anexample, the wireless device may receive the one or more messages from abase station. The one or more messages may comprise one or moreconfiguration parameters. In an example, the one or more configurationparameters may be RRC configuration parameter(s). In an example, the oneor more configuration parameters may be RRC reconfigurationparameter(s).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for acell. In an example, at least one configuration parameter of the one ormore configuration parameters may be for a cell. In an example, the cellmay be a primary cell (PCell). In an example, the cell may be asecondary cell (SCell). The cell may be a secondary cell configured withPUCCH (e.g., PUCCH SCell). In an example, the cell may be an unlicensedcell, e.g., operating in an unlicensed band. In an example, the cell maybe a licensed cell, e.g., operating in a licensed band. In an example,the cell may operate in a first frequency range (FR1). The FR1 may, forexample, comprise frequency bands below 6 GHz. In an example, the cellmay operate in a second frequency range (FR2). The FR2 may, for example,comprise frequency bands from 24 GHz to 52.6 GHz.

In an example, the wireless device may perform uplink transmissions(e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS) via the cell in a first time and in a firstfrequency. The wireless device may perform downlink receptions (e.g.,PDCCH, PDSCH) via the cell in a second time and in a second frequency.In an example, the cell may operate in a time-division duplex (TDD)mode. In the TDD mode, the first frequency and the second frequency maybe the same. In the TDD mode, the first time and the second time may bedifferent. In an example, the cell may operate in a frequency-divisionduplex (FDD) mode. In the FDD mode, the first frequency and the secondfrequency may be different. In the FDD mode, the first time and thesecond time may be the same.

In an example, the wireless device may be in an RRC connected mode.

In an example, the wireless device may be in an RRC idle mode.

In an example, the wireless device may be in an RRC inactive mode.

In an example, the cell may comprise a plurality of BWPs. The pluralityof BWPs may comprise one or more uplink BWPs comprising an uplink BWP ofthe cell. The plurality of BWPs may comprise one or more downlink BWPscomprising a downlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, a BWP of the plurality of BWPs may be in one of an activestate and an inactive state. In an example, in the active state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device maymonitor a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH)on/for/via the downlink BWP. In an example, in the active state of adownlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless device mayreceive a PDSCH on/via/for the downlink BWP. In an example, in theinactive state of a downlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, thewireless device may not monitor a downlink channel/signal (e.g., PDCCH,DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on/via/for the downlink BWP. In the inactive stateof a downlink BWP of the one or more downlink BWPs, the wireless devicemay stop monitoring (or receiving) a downlink channel/signal (e.g.,PDCCH, DCI, CSI-RS, PDSCH) on/via/for the downlink BWP. In an example,in the inactive state of a downlink BWP of the one or more downlinkBWPs, the wireless device may not receive a PDSCH on/via/for thedownlink BWP. In the inactive state of a downlink BWP of the one or moredownlink BWPs, the wireless device may stop receiving a PDSCH on/via/forthe downlink BWP.

In an example, in the active state of an uplink BWP of the one or moreuplink BWPs, the wireless device may transmit an uplink signal/channel(e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) on/via the uplink BWP.In an example, in the inactive state of an uplink BWP of the one or moreuplink BWPs, the wireless device may not transmit an uplinksignal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, preamble, PUSCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) on/viathe uplink BWP.

In an example, the wireless device may activate the downlink BWP of theone or more downlink BWPs of the cell. In an example, the activating thedownlink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets (or switches to)the downlink BWP as an active downlink BWP of the cell. In an example,the activating the downlink BWP may comprise that the wireless devicesets the downlink BWP in the active state. In an example, the activatingthe downlink BWP may comprise switching the downlink BWP from theinactive state to the active state.

In an example, the wireless device may activate the uplink BWP of theone or more uplink BWPs of the cell. In an example, the activating theuplink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets (or switches to)the uplink BWP as an active uplink BWP of the cell. In an example, theactivating the uplink BWP may comprise that the wireless device sets theuplink BWP in the active state. In an example, the activating the uplinkBWP may comprise switching the uplink BWP from the inactive state to theactive state.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for the(active) downlink BWP of the cell. In an example, at least oneconfiguration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters maybe for the downlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may be for the(active) uplink BWP of the cell. In an example, at least oneconfiguration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters maybe for the uplink BWP of the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more coresets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicatethe one or more coresets for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell. Inan example, the (active) downlink BWP of the cell may comprise the oneor more coresets.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more coreset indexes (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterControlResourceSetId) for the one or more coresets. In an example, eachcoreset of the one or more coresets may be identified/indicated by arespective coreset index of the one or more coreset indexes. In anexample, a first coreset of the one or more coresets may be identifiedby a first coreset index of the one or more coreset indexes. A secondcoreset of the one or more coresets may be identified by a secondcoreset index of the one or more coreset indexes.

In an example, a coreset index may be a coreset identifier.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of search space sets, e.g., for the downlink BWP of the cell(e.g., by a higher layer parameter SearchSpace). In an example, the oneor more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of searchspace sets, e.g., for the cell (e.g., by a higher layer parameterSearchSpace).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicatesearch space set indexes/identifiers (e.g., provided by a higher layerparameter searchSpaceId) for the plurality of search space sets. In anexample, each search space set of the plurality of search space sets maybe identified by a respective search space set index of the search spaceset indexes. In an example, a first search space set of the plurality ofsearch space sets may be identified by a first search space set index ofthe search space set indexes. In an example, a second search space setof the plurality of search space sets may be identified by a secondsearch space set index of the search space set indexes.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicatePDCCH monitoring periodicities (e.g.,monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset) for the plurality of search spacesets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a respectivePDCCH monitoring periodicity of the PDCCH monitoring periodicities(e.g., monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset) for each search space set ofthe plurality of search space sets. The one or more configurationparameters may indicate a first PDCCH monitoring periodicity (e.g., 2slots) of the PDCCH monitoring periodicities for a first search spaceset of the plurality of search space sets. The one or more configurationparameters may indicate a second PDCCH monitoring periodicity (e.g., 10slots) of the PDCCH monitoring periodicities for a second search spaceset of the plurality of search space sets.

In an example, each search space set of the plurality of search spacesets may be associated with (or linked to or mapped to) a respectivecoreset of the one or more coresets. In an example, a search space setof the plurality of search space sets may be associated with (or linkedto or mapped to) a coreset of the one or more coresets. In an example,the one or more configuration parameters may indicate the coreset (or acoreset index of the coreset) for the search space set (e.g., providedby a higher layer parameter controlResourceSetId in the higher layerparameter SearchSpace). In an example, the association (or the linkageor the mapping) may be one-to-one. The association being one-to-one maycomprise the search space set associated with (or linked to) the coresetnot being associated (or linked to) a second coreset that is differentfrom the coreset.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate theone or more coreset indexes for the plurality of search space sets(e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter controlResourceSetId in thehigher layer parameter SearchSpace). In an example, each search spaceset of the plurality of search space sets may be associated with (orlinked to or mapped to) a coreset, of the one or more coresets,identified by a respective coreset index of the one or more coresetindexes. In an example, the one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the first coreset index of the first coreset for the firstsearch space set. The one or more configuration parameters may indicatethe first coreset index of the first coreset in a first coreset indexfield (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter controlResourceSetIdin the higher layer parameter SearchSpace) of the first search spaceset. Based on the one or more configuration parameters indicating thefirst coreset index of the first coreset for the first search space set,the first search space set may be associated with (or linked to) thefirst coreset. In an example, the one or more configuration parametersmay indicate the first coreset index of the first coreset for the secondsearch space set. The one or more configuration parameters may indicatethe first coreset index of the first coreset in a second coreset indexfield (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter controlResourceSetIdin the higher layer parameter SearchSpace) of the second search spaceset. Based on the one or more configuration parameters indicating thefirst coreset index of the first coreset for the second search spaceset, the second search space set may be associated with (or linked to)the first coreset. In an example, the one or more configurationparameters may indicate the second coreset index of the second coresetfor the first search space set. Based on the one or more configurationparameters indicating the second coreset index of the second coreset forthe first search space set, the first search space set may be associatedwith (or linked to) the second coreset. In an example, the one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the second coreset index of thesecond coreset for the second search space set. Based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the second coreset index of thesecond coreset for the second search space set, the second search spaceset may be associated with (or linked to) the second coreset.

In an example, based on the search space set being associated with (orlinked to) the coreset, the wireless device may monitor PDCCHcandidates, for a downlink control signal/channel (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, RS,GC-PDCCH, DMRS, etc.), in PDCCH monitoring occasions for the searchspace set associated with (or linked to) the coreset. In an example,based on the search space set being associated with (or linked to) thecoreset, the wireless device may monitor PDCCH candidates, for a DCI, inPDCCH monitoring occasions for the search space set in the coresetassociated with (or linked to) the search space set. In an example,based on the search space set being associated with (or linked to) thecoreset, the wireless device may monitor, for a DCI, a PDCCH for thesearch space set in the coreset associated with (or linked to) thesearch space set.

FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are examples of radio link monitoring with controlchannel repetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select, for a radiolink monitoring (RLM) of the cell, a coreset (e.g., Coreset 1 in FIG. 25) among the one or more coresets. The wireless device may perform theRLM for the (active) downlink BWP of the cell.

In FIG. 25 , the one or more coresets are Coreset 1, Coreset 2 andCoreset 3.

In an example, the coreset may be identified/indicated by a coresetindex of the one or more coreset indexes. The coreset index may behighest (or lowest) among the one or more coreset indexes. The coresetmay be identified/indicated by the coreset index that is highest (orlowest) among the one or more coreset indexes of the one or morecoresets.

In an example, the wireless device may order the PDCCH monitoringperiodicities of the plurality of search space sets in anascending/descending order. The wireless device may determine/select,for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on the ordering the PDCCHmonitoring periodicities. For example, in FIG. 25 , a first search spaceset of the plurality of search space sets may be associated with (orlinked to or mapped to) the coreset (e.g., Coreset 1). The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate, for the first search space set, afirst PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the PDCCH monitoringperiodicities. A second search space set of the plurality of searchspace sets may be associated with (or linked to or mapped to) a secondcoreset (e.g., Coreset 2) of the one or more coresets. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate, for the second search space set,a second PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the PDCCH monitoringperiodicities. A third search space set of the plurality of search spacesets may be associated with (or linked to or mapped to) a third coreset(e.g., Coreset 3) of the one or more coresets. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate, for the third search space set, athird PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the PDCCH monitoringperiodicities. The wireless device may order the first PDCCH monitoringperiodicity, the second PDCCH monitoring periodicity, and the thirdPDCCH monitoring periodicity. In an example, the first PDCCH monitoringperiodicity may be shortest (or lowest) among the first PDCCH monitoringperiodicity, the second PDCCH monitoring periodicity, and the thirdPDCCH monitoring periodicity. The wireless device may determine/select,for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on the first PDCCH monitoringperiodicity of the first search space set associated with the coresetbeing shortest (or lowest). The wireless device may measure, for the RLMof the cell, reference signal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of thecoreset. In an example, the third PDCCH monitoring periodicity may beshortest (or lowest) among the first PDCCH monitoring periodicity, thesecond PDCCH monitoring periodicity, and the third PDCCH monitoringperiodicity. The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM ofthe cell, the third coreset based on the third PDCCH monitoringperiodicity of the third search space set associated with the thirdcoreset being shortest (or lowest). The wireless device may measure, forthe RLM of the cell, reference signal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) ofthe third coreset. A number of the reference signal(s) indicated by TCIstate(s) of the third coreset may be less than a maximum number ofRLM-RSs. For example, the number of the reference signal(s) may be oneand the maximum number of RLM-RSs may be two. The number of thereference signal(s) may be three and the maximum number of RLM-RSs maybe four. The first PDCCH monitoring periodicity may be shorter (orlower) than the second PDCCH monitoring periodicity. The wireless devicemay determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on thefirst PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the first search space setassociated with the coreset being shorter (or lower) than the secondPDCCH monitoring periodicity of the second search space set associatedwith the second coreset. The wireless device may measure, for the RLM ofthe cell, reference signal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the coreset.The wireless device may measure, for the RLM of the cell, referencesignal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the third coreset and referencesignal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may order the one or more coresetindexes of the one or more coresets in an ascending/descending order.The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset based on the ordering the one or more coreset indexes. In anexample, the one or more coresets may be associated with search spacesets that have the same (shortest) PDCCH monitoring periodicity. Forexample, the first PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the first searchspace set associated with the coreset, the second PDCCH monitoringperiodicity of the second search space set associated with the secondcoreset, and the third PDCCH monitoring periodicity of the third searchspace set associated with the third coreset may be the same. The firstPDCCH monitoring periodicity of the first search space set may beshortest among one or more PDCCH monitoring periodicities of one or moresearch space sets associated with the coreset. The second PDCCHmonitoring periodicity of the second search space set may be shortestamong one or more PDCCH monitoring periodicities of one or more searchspace sets associated with the second coreset. The third PDCCHmonitoring periodicity of the third search space set may be shortestamong one or more PDCCH monitoring periodicities of one or more searchspace sets associated with the third coreset. For example, in FIG. 25 ,the one or more configuration parameters may indicate, for the coreset,the coreset index. The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate, for the second coreset, a second coreset index. The one ormore configuration parameters may indicate, for the third coreset, athird coreset index. The one or more coreset indexes may comprise thecoreset index, the second coreset index and the third coreset index. Thewireless device may order the coreset index, the second coreset index,and the third coreset index. In an example, the coreset index may behighest (or lowest) among the coreset index, the second coreset index,and the third coreset index. The wireless device may determine/select,for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on the coreset index of thecoreset being highest (or lowest). The wireless device may measure, forthe RLM of the cell, reference signal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) ofthe coreset. In an example, the third coreset index may be highest (orlowest) among the coreset index, the second coreset index, and the thirdcoreset index. The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM ofthe cell, the third coreset based on the third coreset index of thethird coreset being highest (or lowest). The wireless device maymeasure, for the RLM of the cell, reference signal(s) indicated by TCIstate(s) of the third coreset. A number of the reference signal(s)indicated by TCI state(s) of the third coreset may be less than amaximum number of RLM-RSs. For example, the number of the referencesignal(s) may be one and the maximum number of RLM-RSs may be two. Thenumber of the reference signal(s) may be three and the maximum number ofRLM-RSs may be four. The wireless device may determine/select, for theRLM of the cell, the coreset based on the coreset index of the coresetbeing higher (or lower) than the second coreset index of the secondcoreset. The wireless device may measure, for the RLM of the cell,reference signal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the coreset. Thewireless device may measure, for the RLM of the cell, referencesignal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the third coreset and referencesignal(s) indicated by TCI state(s) of the coreset.

In an example, one or more search space sets of the plurality of searchspace sets may be associated with (or linked to or mapped to) thecoreset. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate thecoreset for the one or more search space sets. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the coreset (or the coreset indexof the coreset) for each search space set of the one or more searchspace sets.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more search space set indexes for the one or more search space sets.Each search space set of the one or more search space sets may beidentified/indicated by a respective search space set index of the oneor more search space set indexes. For example, a first search space setof the one or more search space sets may be identified/indicated by afirst search space set index of the one or more search space setindexes. A second search space set of the one or more search space setsmay be identified/indicated by a second search space set index of theone or more search space set indexes.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate aplurality of TCI states (e.g., provided by a higher layer parametertci-StatesPDCCH-ToAddList) for the coreset (e.g., Coreset 1 in FIG. 24and FIG. 25 ) of the one or more coresets.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate TCIstate indexes (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter TCI-StateId)for the plurality of TCI states. In an example, each TCI state of theplurality of TCI states may be identified/indicated by a respective TCIstate index of the TCI state indexes. In an example, a first TCI stateof the plurality of TCI states may be identified by a first TCI stateindex of the TCI state indexes. A second TCI state of the plurality ofTCI states may be identified by a second TCI state index of the TCIstate indexes.

The wireless device may receive an activation command (e.g., MAC-CE inFIG. 23 , activation command at time T1 in FIG. 25 , TCI StateIndication for UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE, Enhanced TCI State Indicationfor UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE) indicating/selecting/activating/updatingat least two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 1 and TCI state 2) for thecoreset. The plurality of TCI states may comprise the at least two TCIstates.

The at least two TCI states may be identified/indicated by at least twoTCI state indexes of the TCI state indexes. Each TCI state of the atleast two TCI states may be identified/indicated by a respective TCIstate index of the at least two TCI state indexes. In an example, afirst TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1) of the at least two TCI states maybe identified by a first TCI state index of the at least two TCI stateindexes. A second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2) of the at least two TCIstates may be identified by a second TCI state index of the at least twoTCI state indexes.

The at least two TCI states may comprise/indicate at least two quasico-location (QCL) assumptions/properties/structures of the coreset. EachTCI state of the at least two TCI states may comprise/indicate arespective QCL assumption/property/structure of the at least two QCLassumptions/properties/structures of the coreset. The at least two QCLassumptions/properties/structures of the coreset may indicate at leastone of: channel characteristics, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, averagedelay, delay spread, and spatial receive filter for the coreset.

In an example, the at least two TCI states may indicate at least tworeference signals (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB/PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). Each TCIstate of the at least two TCI states may indicate a respective referencesignal of the at least two reference signals. For example, the first TCIstate (e.g., TCI state 1) may indicate/comprise a first reference signalindex (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter referenceSignal,ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) identifying (orindicating or of) a first reference signal of the at least two referencesignals. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the firstreference signal index for the first reference signal. The first TCIstate (e.g., TCI state 2) may indicate/comprise a second referencesignal index (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameterreferenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index, NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId)identifying (or indicating or of) a second reference signal of the atleast two reference signals. The one or more configuration parametersmay indicate the second reference signal index for the second referencesignal.

In an example, the at least two TCI states may indicate at least twoquasi co-location types for the at least two reference signals. Each TCIstate of the at least two TCI states may indicate a respective quasico-location type of the at least two quasi co-location types. The atleast two quasi co-location types, for example, may be QCL-TypeD. Forexample, the first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1) may indicate/comprise afirst quasi co-location type, of the at least two quasi co-locationtypes, for the first reference signal. The second TCI state (e.g., TCIstate 2) may indicate/comprise a second quasi co-location type, of theat least two quasi co-location types, for the second reference signal.The first quasi co-location type, for example, may be QCL-TypeD. Thesecond quasi co-location type, for example, may be QCL-TypeD.

In an example, the wireless device may monitor, for a DCI, downlinkcontrol channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDCCH transmissions/receptions) in thecoreset based on the at least two TCI states. The wireless device maymonitor, for the DCI, the downlink control channels in the coreset basedon the at least two TCI states, for example, in response to thereceiving the activation commandindicating/activating/selecting/updating the at least two TCI states forthe coreset. The monitoring the downlink control channels in the coresetbased on the at least two TCI states may comprise one or more DM-RSantenna ports of the downlink control channels in the coreset beingquasi co-located with the at least two reference signals indicated bythe at least two TCI states. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of thedownlink control channels in the coreset may be quasi co-located withthe at least two reference signals with respect to the at least twoquasi co-location types indicated by the at least two TCI states. In anexample, the wireless device may receive the DCI in the coreset. Thewireless device may receive the DCI in the coreset, for example, whilethe monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset. Thewireless device may receive the DCI in the coreset based on the at leasttwo TCI states. The receiving the DCI in the coreset based on the atleast two TCI states may comprise the one or more DM-RS antenna ports ofthe downlink control channels in the coreset being quasi co-located withthe at least two reference signals indicated by the at least two TCIstates.

In an example, the monitoring, for the DCI, downlink control channels inthe coreset may comprise monitoring, for the DCI, one or more PDCCHcandidates in one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the one ormore search space sets associated with the coreset. The wireless devicemay determine the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions of the one ormore search space sets based on one or more search space setconfiguration parameters (e.g., IE SearchSpace) of the one or moreconfiguration parameters. The one or more search space set configurationparameters may indicate one or more PDCCH monitoring periodicities(e.g., monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset) for the one or more searchspace sets. The PDCCH monitoring periodicities may comprise the one ormore PDCCH monitoring periodicities. The one or more search space setconfiguration parameters may indicate PDCCH monitoring symbols (e.g.,monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot) for the one or more search space sets.

The monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset based on theat least two TCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports ofthe downlink control channels in the coreset being quasi co-located withthe first reference signal indicated by the first TCI state of the atleast two TCI states. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of thedownlink control channels in the coreset may be quasi co-located withthe first reference signal with respect to the first quasi co-locationtype, of the at least two quasi co-location types, indicated by thefirst TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlinkcontrol channels (e.g., PDCCH transmission) in the coreset may be quasico-located with the first reference signal in one or more REGs/CCEs ofthe downlink control channels.

The monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset based on theat least two TCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports ofthe downlink control channels in the coreset being quasi co-located withthe second reference signal indicated by the second TCI state of the atleast two TCI states. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of thedownlink control channels in the coreset may be quasi co-located withthe second reference signal with respect to the second quasi co-locationtype, of the at least two quasi co-location types, indicated by thesecond TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the downlinkcontrol channels (e.g., PDCCH transmission) in the coreset may be quasico-located with the second reference signal in the one or more REGs/CCEsof the downlink control channels.

In an example, one or more DM-RS antenna ports of downlink controlchannels in the coreset may comprise one or more first DM-RS antennaports and one or more second DM-RS antenna ports. The one or more firstDM-RS antenna ports and the one or more second DM-RS antenna ports maybe different (e.g., orthogonal, not comprise a common DM-RS antennaport). The monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset basedon the at least two TCI states may comprise the one or more first DM-RSantenna ports of the downlink control channels in the coreset beingquasi co-located with the first reference signal indicated by the firstTCI state of the at least two TCI states. The one or more first DM-RSantenna ports of the downlink control channels in the coreset may bequasi co-located with the first reference signal with respect to thefirst quasi co-location type, of the at least two quasi co-locationtypes, indicated by the first TCI state. The monitoring the downlinkcontrol channels in the coreset based on the at least two TCI states maycomprise the one or more second DM-RS antenna ports of the downlinkcontrol channels in the coreset being quasi co-located with the secondreference signal indicated by the second TCI state of the at least twoTCI states. The one or more second DM-RS antenna ports of the downlinkcontrol channels in the coreset may be quasi co-located with the secondreference signal with respect to the second quasi co-location type, ofthe at least two quasi co-location types, indicated by the second TCIstate.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the one or morefirst DM-RS antenna ports for a first TCI state of the at least two TCIstates of the coreset. The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more second DM-RS antenna ports for a second TCIstate of the at least two TCI states of the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may monitor, for the DCI and based onthe first TCI state of the at least two TCI states, one or more PDCCHcandidates in the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the oneor more search space sets associated with the coreset. The monitoringthe downlink control channels in the coreset based on the at least twoTCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the one ormore PDCCH candidates in the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasionsbeing quasi co-located with the first reference signal indicated by thefirst TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports may be quasico-located with the first reference signal with respect to the firstquasi co-location type, of the at least two quasi co-location types,indicated by the first TCI state.

In an example, the wireless device may monitor, for the DCI and based onthe second TCI state of the at least two TCI states, one or more PDCCHcandidates in the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the oneor more search space sets associated with the coreset. The monitoringthe downlink control channels in the coreset based on the at least twoTCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports of the one ormore PDCCH candidates in the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasionsbeing quasi co-located with the second reference signal indicated by thesecond TCI state. The one or more DM-RS antenna ports may be quasico-located with the second reference signal with respect to the secondquasi co-location type, of the at least two quasi co-location types,indicated by the second TCI state.

In an example, the one or more search space sets associated with thecoreset may comprise one or more first search space sets and one or moresecond search space sets. The one or more first search space sets andthe one or more second search space sets, for example, may be different(e.g., orthogonal, not comprise a common search space set). The one ormore first search space sets and the one or more second search spacesets, for example, may be the same.

The one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the one or more searchspace sets may comprise one or more first PDCCH monitoring occasionsfor/of the one or more first search space sets and one or more secondPDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the one or more second search spacesets.

The wireless device may monitor, for the DCI and based on the first TCIstate, one or more PDCCH candidates in the one or more first PDCCHmonitoring occasions for/of the one or more first search space sets. Themonitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset based on the atleast two TCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports of theone or more PDCCH candidates in the one or more first PDCCH monitoringoccasions for/of the one or more first search space sets being quasico-located with the first reference signal indicated by the first TCIstate of the at least two TCI states. The one or more DM-RS antennaports may be quasi co-located with the first reference signal withrespect to the first quasi co-location type, of the at least two quasico-location types, indicated by the first TCI state.

The wireless device may monitor, for the DCI and based on the second TCIstate, one or more PDCCH candidates in the one or more second PDCCHmonitoring occasions for/of the one or more second search space sets.The monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset based on theat least two TCI states may comprise one or more DM-RS antenna ports ofthe one or more PDCCH candidates in the one or more second PDCCHmonitoring occasions for/of the one or more second search space setsbeing quasi co-located with the second reference signal indicated by thesecond TCI state of the at least two TCI states. The one or more DM-RSantenna ports may be quasi co-located with the second reference signalwith respect to the second quasi co-location type, of the at least twoquasi co-location types, indicated by the second TCI state.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the one or morefirst search space sets for a first TCI state of the at least two TCIstates of the coreset. The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more second search space sets for a second TCI stateof the at least two TCI states of the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may receive the DCI in the coreset.The wireless device may receive the DCI in the coreset, for example,while the monitoring the downlink control channels in the coreset basedon the at least two TCI states. The wireless device may receive the DCIin the coreset, for example, based on the first TCI state. The wirelessdevice may receive the DCI in the coreset, for example, based on thesecond TCI state.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a control channelrepetition (e.g., PDCCH repetition/aggregation). The one or moreconfiguration parameters may comprise a control channel repetitionenabling parameter that enables (or activates or indicates) the controlchannel repetition. The control channel repetition may comprise arepetition of a downlink control signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, DCI).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate anumber of repetitions for the control channel repetition.

In an example, the wireless device may receive a DCI indicating a numberof repetitions for the control channel repetition. The DCI may comprisea field (e.g., DCI subframe/slot repetition number field) indicating thenumber of repetitions.

In an example, the number of repetitions, for example, may be a numberof repetitions of the downlink control signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH,DCI). The base station may transmit a plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs (e.g.,DCI 1 and DCI 2 in FIG. 24 ) for the repetition of the downlink controlsignal/channel. The wireless device may monitor, for the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs for the repetition of the downlink control signal/channel,the coreset. A number of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be equal tothe number of repetitions (e.g., the number of repetitions is equal to 2in FIG. 24 ). Each DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be thesame (or may have the same content, e.g., same DCI fields, same valuefor the DCI fields, etc.). Each DCI/PDCCH of the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs may be the same as the downlink control signal/channel. EachDCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be different (or may havedifferent content, e.g., different DCI fields, different value for theDCI fields, etc.).

In an example, the base station may transmit the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs via the coreset. The wireless device may monitor, for theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, the coreset. The one or more configurationparameters may indicate the coreset for the control channel repetition.

In an example, the base station may transmit the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs via a search space set, of the one or more search spacesets, of the coreset. The wireless device may monitor, for the pluralityof DCIs/PDCCHs, the search space set of the coreset. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate the search space for the controlchannel repetition.

In an example, the base station may transmit the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs via the one or more search space sets of the coreset. Thewireless device may monitor, for the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, the oneor more search space sets of the coreset. The base station may transmiteach DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs via a respective searchspace set of the one or more search space sets. The wireless device maymonitor, for each DCI/PDCCH of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, arespective search space set of the one or more search space sets. Theone or more configuration parameters may indicate the coreset for thecontrol channel repetition. The one or more configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more search space sets for the control channelrepetition.

In an example, the wireless device may determine a plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions (e.g., PDCCHtransmission/repetition/monitoring occasions) for the control channelrepetition. The base station may transmit, via the coreset, theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs across/over/on the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions (e.g., PDCCHtransmission/repetition occasion 1 and PDCCH transmission/repetitionoccasion 2 in FIG. 24 ). The wireless device may monitor, for theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, the coreset across/over/on the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions. InFIG. 24 , the base station transmits a first downlink controlsignal/channel (e.g., DCI 1) of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs in a firstdownlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasion (e.g.,PDCCH transmission occasion 1) of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission/repetition occasions. The base stationtransmits a second downlink control signal/channel (e.g., DCI 2) of theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs in a second downlink control signal/channeltransmission/repetition occasion (e.g., PDCCH transmission occasion 2)of the plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission/repetition occasions. The wireless device monitors, for thefirst downlink control signal/channel, the coreset in the first downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasion. The wirelessdevice monitors, for the second downlink control signal/channel, thecoreset in the second downlink control signal/channeltransmission/repetition occasion.

In an example, the wireless device may determine the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions basedon the one or more search space configuration parameters.

The plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission/repetitionoccasions may comprise one or more first downlink control signal/channeltransmission/repetition occasions and one or more second downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions. The wirelessdevice may monitor, for one or more first DCIs/PDCCHs (e.g., DCI 1) ofthe plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, the coreset across/over/on the one or morefirst downlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions(e.g., PDCCH transmission occasion 1) based on the first TCI state(e.g., TCI state 1) of the at least two TCI states of the coreset. Thewireless device may monitor, for one or more second DCIs/PDCCHs (e.g.,DCI 2) of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs, the coreset across/over/on theone or more second downlink control signal/channeltransmission/repetition occasions (e.g., PDCCH transmission occasion 2)based on the second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2) of the at least twoTCI states of the coreset.

In an example, the one or more PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the oneor more search space sets and the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission/repetition occasions may be the same. In anexample, the one or more first PDCCH monitoring occasions for/of the oneor more first search space sets and the one or more first downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasions may be thesame. In an example, the one or more second PDCCH monitoring occasionsfor/of the one or more second search space sets and the one or moresecond downlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasionsmay be the same.

In an example, the repetition of the downlink control signal/channel (ortransmission of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs) may, for example, be/occurin time units (e.g. TDM-ed). The time units, for example, may beconsecutive. A number of the time units may be equal to the number ofrepetitions. The time units, for example, may be time slots. The timeunits may, for example, be mini-slots. The time units may, for example,be time symbols. The time units may, for example, be sub-frames. Thetime units, for example, may be monitoring occasions (e.g., PDCCHmonitoring occasions) in time. A number of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions may be equal to the numberof repetitions. The plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions may be/occur in the time units. For example, afirst downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion of theplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions maybe/occur in a first time unit of the time units. A second downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasions may be/occur in asecond time unit of the time units, and so on.

In an example, the repetition of the downlink control signal/channel (ortransmission of the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs) may, for example, be/occurin frequency units (FDM-ed). A number of the frequency units may beequal to the number of repetitions. The frequency units, for example,may be frequency bands. The frequency units, for example, may bephysical resource blocks (PRBs). The frequency units may, for example,be resource-element groups (REGs). The frequency units may, for example,be REG bundles. The frequency units may, for example, be controlelements (CEs). The frequency units may, for example, be BWPs. Thefrequency units may, for example, be cells. A number of the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasions may be equal tothe number of repetitions. The plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions may be/occur in the frequencyunits. For example, a first downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasion of the plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions may be/occur in a first frequency unit of thefrequency units. A second downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasion of the plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions may be/occur in a second frequency unit of thefrequency units, and so on.

The base station may transmit the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHsacross/over/in the time units. The base station may transmit theplurality of DCIs/PDCCHs across/over/in the frequency units. The basestation may repeat transmission of the downlink control signal/channelacross/over/in the plurality of uplink signal/channel transmissionoccasions. The base station may transmit the downlink controlsignal/channel with the number of repetitions. For example, in FIG. 24 ,the plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasionscomprises a first downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion(1st TX occasion) and a second downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion (2nd TX occasion). The first downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion may be/occur in a first time unitof the time units (e.g., 1st time slot, 1st symbol, 1st subframe, 1stPDCCH monitoring occasion). The second downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion may be/occur in a second time unit of the timeunits (e.g., 2nd time slot, 2nd symbol, 2nd subframe, 2nd PDCCHmonitoring occasion). The first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion may be/occur in a first frequency unit of thefrequency units (e.g., 1st PRB, 1st cell, 1st frequency, 1st BWP, 1stsubband, 1St REG, 1st CE). The second downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion may be/occur in a second frequency unit of thefrequency units (e.g., 2nd PRB, 2nd cell, 2nd frequency, 2nd BWP, 2ndsubband, 2nd REG, 2nd CE).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate arepetition/multiplexing scheme (e.g., by a higher layer parameterRepetitionSchemeConfig, FDM-Scheme, TDM-Scheme, SFN-Scheme, SDM-Scheme,CDM-Scheme), for the control channel repetition.

The repetition scheme, for example, may be a time domain repetitionscheme. The repetition scheme, for example, may be a frequency domainrepetition scheme. The repetition scheme, for example, may be aspatial/code domain repetition scheme.

In an example, the wireless device may monitor, for the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs, the coreset across/over/in the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the repetition scheme.

In an example, the repetition scheme may be a time domain repetitionscheme (e.g., TDM scheme, TDMSchemeA, TDMSchemeB, etc.). In the timedomain repetition scheme, the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions (e.g., 1st TX occasion and 2nd TXoccasion) may not overlap in time. In the time domain repetition scheme,the plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasionsmay or may not overlap in frequency. Each downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions may have a non-overlappingtime domain resource allocation with respect to other signal/channeltransmission occasion(s) of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. For example, a first downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasions may not overlap,in time, with a second downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasion of the plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions. The first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion and the second downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion may be different. For example, in the time domainrepetition scheme, the first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion (1st TX occasion) and the second downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion (2nd TX occasion) may not overlapin time. The plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasions may occur in different time units. For example, the first timeunit, the second time unit, and the third time unit may not overlap intime. The first time unit, the second time unit, and the third time unitmay be different.

In an example, the repetition scheme may be a frequency domainrepetition scheme (e.g., FDM scheme, FDMSchemeA, FDMSchemeB, etc.). Inthe frequency domain repetition scheme, the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions may or may not overlap intime. In the frequency domain repetition scheme, the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasions may not overlapin frequency. Each downlink control signal/channel transmission occasionof the plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasions may have a non-overlapping frequency domain resourceallocation with respect to other signal/channel transmission occasion(s)of the plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasions. For example, a first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions may not overlap, in frequency,with a second downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion ofthe plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions.The first downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion and thesecond downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion may bedifferent. For example, in the frequency domain repetition scheme, thefirst downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion (1st TXoccasion) and the second downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasion (2nd TX occasion) may not overlap in frequency. The firstdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasion (1st TX occasion)and the second downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion(2nd TX occasion) may overlap in time. The plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions may occur in different frequencyunits (e.g., frequencies, PRBs, frequency bands, bandwidth parts,cells). For example, a first frequency unit of the first downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasion and a second frequency unitof the second downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion maynot overlap in frequency. The first frequency unit and the secondfrequency unit may be different.

In an example, the repetition scheme may be a spatial/code domainrepetition scheme (e.g., SFN scheme, SDM scheme, CDM scheme, SDMScheme,CDMScheme, etc.). In the spatial/code domain repetition scheme, theplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions mayoverlap in time. In the spatial/code domain repetition scheme, theplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions mayoverlap in frequency. Each downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasion of the plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions may have an overlapping frequency domain resourceallocation with respect to other downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion(s) of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. Each downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions may have an overlappingtime domain resource allocation with respect to other downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion(s) of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions. For example, a firstdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasion of the pluralityof downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions may overlap,in time and frequency, with a second downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. The first downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion and the second downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion may be the same. For example, inthe spatial/code domain repetition scheme, the first downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion (1st TX occasion) and the seconddownlink control signal/channel transmission occasion (2nd TX occasion)may overlap in frequency. The first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion (1st TX occasion) and the second downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion (2nd TX occasion) may overlap intime. The plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasions may occur in same frequency units (e.g., frequencies, PRBs,frequency bands, bandwidth parts, subbands, cells, REGs, REG bundles,CEs). For example, a first frequency unit of the first downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion and a second frequency unit of thesecond downlink control signal/channel transmission occasion may overlapin frequency. The first frequency unit and the second frequency unit maybe the same. The plurality of downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasions may occur in the same time units (e.g., symbols,mini-slots, slots, sub-frames, PDCCH monitoring occasions etc.). Forexample, a first time unit of the first downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion and a second time unit of the second downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasion may overlap in time. Thefirst time unit and the second time unit may be the same.

The wireless device, for example, may monitor, for the downlink controlsignal/channel, the one or more search space sets of the coreset in theplurality of downlink control signal/channel transmission occasions. Thewireless device, for example, may monitor, for the downlink controlsignal/channel, each search space set of the one or more search spacesets of the coreset in respective downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion(s) of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. For example, in the time domainrepetition scheme, the respective downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion(s) may have non-overlapping time domain resourceallocation with respect to another downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. For example, in the frequencydomain repetition scheme, the respective downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion(s) may have non-overlapping frequency domainresource allocation with respect to another downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions. For example, thespatial/code domain repetition scheme, the respective downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion(s) may have overlapping time andfrequency domain resource allocations with respect to another downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality ofdownlink control signal/channel transmission occasions.

In an example, the plurality of DCIs/PDCCHs may be associated with (orlinked to) the plurality of downlink control signal/channel transmissionoccasions. Each downlink control signal/channel of the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs may be associated with a respective downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasion of the plurality of downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission occasions. The base station maytransmit each downlink control signal/channel of the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs in/via a respective downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. The wireless device may monitor,for each downlink control signal/channel of the plurality ofDCIs/PDCCHs, in/via a respective downlink control signal/channeltransmission occasion of the plurality of downlink controlsignal/channel transmission occasions. For example, in FIG. 24 , thefirst downlink control signal/channel (e.g., DCI 1) is associated withthe first downlink control signal/channel transmission/repetitionoccasion (e.g., PDCCH transmission occasion 1), for example based on thefirst downlink control signal/channel being transmitted by the basestation or monitored by the wireless device in/via the first downlinkcontrol signal/channel transmission/repetition occasion. The seconddownlink control signal/channel (e.g., DCI 2) is associated with thesecond downlink control signal/channel transmission/repetition occasion(e.g., PDCCH transmission occasion 2), for example based on the seconddownlink control signal/channel being transmitted by the base station ormonitored by the wireless device in/via the second downlink controlsignal/channel transmission/repetition occasion.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not compriseRLM configuration parameter(s) (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringConfig). Thewireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset based on the one or more configuration parameters not comprisingthe RLM configuration parameter(s).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicateat least one reference signal for the RLM (e.g., by a higher layerparameter RadioLinkMonitoringRS). The wireless device maydetermine/select, for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on the oneor more configuration parameters not indicating the at least onereference signal for the RLM.

In an example, the wireless device may monitor, for DCI, PDCCH in theone or more coresets based on a second plurality of TCI states. Thewireless device may receive one or more activation commandsindicating/activating/updating/selecting the second plurality of TCIstates for the one or more coresets. The wireless device may receiveeach activation command of the one or more activation commandsindicating/activating/updating/selecting a respective TCI state(s) ofthe second plurality of TCI states for a respective coreset of the oneor more coresets. The wireless device may monitor, for the DCI, thePDCCH in each coreset of the one or more coresets based on respectiveTCI state(s) of the second plurality of TCI states. In an example, eachTCI state of the second plurality of TCI states may indicate QCL-TypeDfor a respective RS. A number of the second plurality of TCI states maybe greater (or larger) than the maximum number of RLM-RSs. For example,in FIG. 25 , the wireless device monitors the coreset (Coreset 1) basedon the at least two TCI states (e.g., TCI state 1 and TCI state 2) ofthe second plurality of TCI states. The wireless device monitors asecond coreset (Coreset 2) of the one or more coresets based on a thirdTCI state (e.g., TCI state 4) of the second plurality of TCI states. Thewireless device monitors a third coreset (Coreset 3) of the one or morecoresets based on a fourth TCI state (e.g., TCI state 3) of the secondplurality of TCI states. The number of the second plurality of TCIstates is four (TCI state 1, TCI state 2, TCI state 3 and TCI state 4).The maximum number of RLM-RSs may be two. The maximum number of RLM-RSsmay be three. The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM ofthe cell, the coreset based on the number of the second plurality of TCIstates being greater (or larger) than the maximum number of RLM-RSs. Forexample, when a maximum number of SS/PBCH blocks transmitted per halfframe (L_max) is equal to 4, the maximum number of RLM-RSs may be two.The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset based on the number of the second plurality of TCI states (e.g.,4 in FIG. 25 ) being greater (or larger) than the maximum number ofRLM-RSs (two when L_max=4). When a maximum number of SS/PBCH blockstransmitted per half frame (L_max) is equal to 8, the maximum number ofRLM-RSs may be four. The wireless device may determine/select, for theRLM of the cell, the coreset based on a number of the second pluralityof TCI states (e.g., 6=3 Coresets in the active downlink BWP*2 activatedTCI states per Coreset) being greater (or larger) than the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs (four when L_max=8). When a maximum number of SS/PBCHblocks transmitted per half frame (L_max) is equal to 64, the maximumnumber of RLM-RSs may be eight. The wireless device maydetermine/select, for the RLM of the cell, the coreset based on a numberof the second plurality of TCI states (e.g., 10=5 Coresets in the activedownlink BWP*2 activated TCI states per Coreset) being greater (orlarger) than the maximum number of RLM-RSs (eight when L_max=64).

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select a selected TCIstate among the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wirelessdevice may determine/select the selected TCI state for the RLM of thecell. The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states based on the determining/selecting,for the RLM of the cell, the coreset among the one or more coresets. Thewireless device may determine/select the selected TCI state among the atleast two TCI states based on the receiving the activation commandindicating/selecting/activating/updating the at least two TCI states forthe coreset. The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCIstate among the at least two TCI states based on the coreset beingprovided (e.g., by the activation command) with the at least two TCIstates. The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states based on the coreset beingassociated/activated with the at least two TCI states.

In an example, the wireless device may exceed the maximum number ofRLM-RSs if the wireless device selects/determines, for the RLM of thecell, the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wireless devicemay determine/select the selected TCI state among the at least two TCIstates of the coreset based on the exceeding the maximum number ofRLM-RSs if the at least two TCI states are selected/determined for theRLM of the cell.

The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI state amongthe at least two TCI states of the coreset based on the repetitionscheme being a first repetition scheme. The first repetition scheme, forexample, may be a time domain repetition scheme (e.g., TDM). The firstrepetition scheme, for example, may be a frequency domain repetitionscheme (e.g., FDM).

The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI state amongthe at least two TCI states of the coreset based on the repetitionscheme not being a second repetition scheme. The second repetitionscheme, for example, may be a spatial/code domain repetition scheme(e.g., SFN, SDM).

In an example, the at least two TCI states may comprise the selected TCIstate (e.g., TCI state) and an unselected TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2).The unselected TCI state may indicate a reference signal. The unselectedTCI state may indicate a quasi co-location type (e.g., QCL-TypeA,QCL-TypeB, QCL-TypeC) for the reference signal. The quasi co-locationtype may be different from QCL-TypeD. The wireless device maydetermine/select the selected TCI state among the at least two TCIstates of the coreset based on the quasi co-location type indicated bythe unselected TCI state being different from the QCL TypeD. Thewireless device may not determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, theunselected TCI state among the at least two TCI states of the coresetbased on the quasi co-location type indicated by the unselected TCIstate being different from the QCL TypeD. The at least two referencesignals may comprise the reference signal indicated by the unselectedTCI state. The at least two quasi co-location types may comprise thequasi co-location type indicated by the unselected TCI state.

In an example, the selected TCI state may indicate a selected referencesignal (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB/PBCH block, SRS, DM-RS). The selected TCIstate may comprise a selected reference signal index (e.g., provided bya higher layer parameter referenceSignal, ssb-index, csi-RS-Index,NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) identifying (or indicating or of) the selectedreference signal. The one or more configuration parameters may indicatethe selected reference signal index for the selected reference signal.The at least two reference signals may comprise the selected referencesignal. For example, when the selected TCI state is the first TCI stateof the at least two TCI states, the selected reference signal is thefirst reference signal indicated by the first TCI state. When theselected TCI state is the second TCI state of the at least two TCIstates, the selected reference signal is the second reference signalindicated by the second TCI state.

In an example, the selected TCI state may indicate a selected quasico-location type for the selected reference signal. The selected quasico-location type, for example, may be QCL-TypeD. The at least two quasico-location types may comprise the selected quasi co-location type. Forexample, when the selected TCI state is the first TCI state of the atleast two TCI states, the selected quasi co-location type is the firstquasi co-location type indicated by the first TCI state. When theselected TCI state is the second TCI state of the at least two TCIstates, the selected quasi co-location type is the second quasico-location type indicated by the second TCI state.

The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI state amongthe at least two TCI states of the coreset based on the selected quasico-location type indicated by the selected TCI state being theQCL-TypeD.

In an example, the wireless device may perform the RLM of the cell basedon the selected TCI state. The wireless device may measure/assess, forthe RLM of the cell, a radio link quality (e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP,SNR, SINR, RSRP) of the selected reference signal of (or indicated by)the selected TCI state (e.g., time T2 in FIG. 25 ).

The wireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a radiolink quality of one or more reference signals. The one or more referencesignals may comprise the selected reference signal. One or more radiolink monitoring resources may indicate the one or more referencesignals. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate the oneor more radio link monitoring resources for the one or more referencesignals. The measuring/assessing, for the RLM of the cell, the radiolink quality of the selected reference signal may comprise/bemeasuring/assessing, for the RLM of the cell, the one or more referencesignals that comprise the selected reference signal. For example, inFIG. 25 , when the wireless device determines/selects, for the RLM ofthe cell, Coreset 1 and Coreset 3, the one or more reference signals maycomprise the selected reference signal of Coreset 1 and a referencesignal indicated by TCI state 3 of Coreset 3. When the wireless devicedetermines/selects, for the RLM of the cell, Coreset 1 and Coreset 2,the one or more reference signals may comprise the selected referencesignal of Coreset 1 and a reference signal indicated by TCI state 4 ofCoreset 2. When the wireless device determines/selects, for the RLM ofthe cell, Coreset 1, Coreset 2 and Coreset 3, the one or more referencesignals may comprise the selected reference signal of Coreset 1, areference signal indicated by TCI state 4 of Coreset 2, and a referencesignal indicated by TCI state 3 of Coreset 3.

The wireless device (or a physical layer of the wireless device) maymeasure/assess the radio link quality (of the selected reference signalor the one or more reference signals) once per an indication period. Thewireless device may determine the indication period based on the maximumbetween the shortest periodicity for the one or more radio linkmonitoring resources and 10 msec, for example, in non-DRX modeoperation. The wireless device may determine the indication period basedon the maximum between the shortest periodicity for the one or moreradio link monitoring resources and a DRX period, for example, in DRXmode operation.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a threshold (e.g.,rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold). The threshold may be a BLER threshold pairindex for in-synch (IS) and out-of-synch (OOS) indication generation.

In an example, the radio link quality of the selected reference signalmay be worse (e.g., higher BLER, lower RSRP, lower SINR, lower SNR) thanthe threshold. The physical layer of the wireless device may indicate,to a higher layer (e.g., RRC, MAC) of the wireless device, an OOS basedon the radio link quality of the selected reference signal being worsethan the threshold. The higher layer of the wireless device mayincrement a counter based on receiving the indication of the OOS. Thewireless device may start a timer (e.g., T310) based on the counter (ora number of consecutive OOS indications) reaching a maximum OOS number(e.g., N310). The wireless device may declare/detect/determine an RLF ofthe cell based on an expiry of the timer. The wireless device mayinitiate, for a connection re-establishment procedure, a random-accessprocedure based on the declaring/detecting/determining the RLF. Thewireless device may indicate, via the random-access procedure, the RLFof the cell.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate avalue for the timer (e.g., T310). The one or more configurationparameters may indicate a value for the maximum OOS number (e.g., N310).

In an example, the radio link quality of the selected reference signalmay be better (e.g., lower BLER, higher RSRP, higher SINR, higher SNR)than the threshold. The physical layer of the wireless device mayindicate, to a higher layer (e.g., RRC, MAC) of the wireless device, anIS based on the radio link quality of the selected reference signalbeing better than the threshold. The higher layer of the wireless devicemay increment a counter based on receiving the indication of the IS. Thewireless device may stop the timer (e.g., T310) based on the counter (ora number of consecutive IS indications) reaching a maximum IS number(e.g., N311).

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a value for themaximum IS number (e.g., N311).

In an example, the selected reference signal may be periodic. Theselected reference signal may be periodic with a selected periodicity(e.g., 2 slots, 5 slots, 10 slots, 2 symbols, 5 symbols, etc.). Thewireless device may measure, for example BLER, SINR, SNR, L1-RSRP,L3-RSRP of, the selected reference signal periodically based on theselected reference signal being periodic. The one or more configurationparameters may indicate the selected periodicity.

In an example, the selected TCI state may be the first TCI state amongthe at least two TCI states of the coreset. The selected TCI state maybe a first element/member in a set/vector of the at least two TCIstates. For example, in FIG. 25 , when the at least two TCI states=[TCIstate 1, TCI state 2], the selected TCI state may be “TCI state 1”. Whenthe at least two TCI states=[TCI state 4, TCI state 11], the selectedTCI state may be “TCI state 4”.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate theselected TCI state. The one or more configuration parameters maycomprise an index (e.g., coreset pool index, TRP index, antenna panelindex) with a value. When the value is equal to a first value (e.g.,zero), the selected TCI state may be the first TCI state among the atleast two TCI states of the coreset. The selected TCI state may be afirst element/member in a set/vector of the at least two TCI states.When the value is equal to a second value (e.g., value), the selectedTCI state may be the second TCI state among the at least two TCI statesof the coreset. The selected TCI state may be a second element/member ina set/vector of the at least two TCI states. For example, in FIG. 25 ,when the at least two TCI states=[TCI state 1, TCI state 2] and thevalue is equal to the first value, the selected TCI state may be “TCIstate 1”. When the at least two TCI states=[TCI state 1, TCI state 2]and the value is equal to the second value, the selected TCI state maybe “TCI state 2”. The selected TCI state may be a primary TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states, for example, based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the selected TCI state.

The wireless device may receive the selected reference signal with/usingan antenna panel indicated/identified by the index (or the antenna panelindex). The wireless device, for example, may be equipped with aplurality of antenna panels comprising the antenna panel.

In an example, the selected TCI state may be associated with a searchspace set of the one or more search space sets of the coreset. The oneor more configuration parameters may indicate a shortest (or highest)PDCCH monitoring periodicity for the search space set among the one ormore PDCCH monitoring periodicities (e.g.,monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset) of the one or more search spacesets. For example, when the one or more first search space sets of thefirst TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1) of the at least two TCI statescomprise the search space set with the shortest (or highest) PDCCHmonitoring periodicity, the selected TCI state may the first TCI state.When the one or more second search space sets of the second TCI state(e.g., TCI state 2) of the at least two TCI states comprise the searchspace set with the shortest (or highest) PDCCH monitoring periodicity,the selected TCI state may the second TCI state.

In an example, the selected TCI state may be associated with a searchspace set of the one or more search space sets of the coreset. The oneor more configuration parameters may indicate a lowest (or highest)search space set index for the search space set among the one or moresearch space set indexes (e.g., searchSpaceId) of the one or more searchspace sets. The search space set may be identified/indicated by a searchspace set index of the one or more search space set indexes. In anexample, the search space set index may be lowest (or highest) among theone or more search space set indexes. The search space set may beidentified/indicated by a search space set index that is lowest (orhighest) among the one or more search space set indexes. For example,when the one or more first search space sets of the first TCI state(e.g., TCI state 1) of the at least two TCI states comprise the searchspace set with the shortest (or highest) PDCCH monitoring periodicity,the selected TCI state may the first TCI state. When the one or moresecond search space sets of the second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2) ofthe at least two TCI states comprise the search space set with theshortest (or highest) PDCCH monitoring periodicity, the selected TCIstate may the second TCI state.

In an example, the selected TCI state may be identified/indicated by aTCI state index that is lowest (or highest) among the at least two TCIstate indexes of the at least two TCI states. The at least two TCI stateindexes may comprise the TCI state index of the selected TCI state. Theone or more configuration parameters may indicate a lowest (or highest)TCI state index for the selected TCI state among the at least two TCIstate indexes of the at least two TCI states. For example, when thefirst TCI state index of the first TCI state (e.g., TCI state 1) islower (or higher) than the second TCI state index of the second TCIstate, the selected TCI state may be the first TCI state. When thesecond TCI state index of the second TCI state (e.g., TCI state 2) islower (or higher) than the first TCI state index of the first TCI state,the selected TCI state may be the second TCI state.

It may be up to the wireless device to determine/select the selected TCIstate among the at least two TCI states. In an example, the wirelessdevice may determine/select the selected TCI state randomly. In anexample, the wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI statewith a better/higher quality (e.g., higher RSRP, higher SINR, higherSNR, lower BLER). The selected reference signal of the selected TCIstate may have the best/highest quality among qualities of the at leasttwo reference signals indicated by the at least two TCI states. In anexample, the wireless device may determine/select the selected TCI statewhich is the most recently activated TCI state, for example by a MAC-CE,among the at least two TCI states.

In an example, the wireless device may select/determine, for the RLM ofthe cell, the at least two TCI states of the coreset. FIG. 26 is anexample of radio link monitoring based on two TCI states of a coreset.The wireless device may perform the RLM of the cell based on the atleast two TCI states. The wireless device may measure/assess, for theRLM of the cell, a radio link quality (e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP,SNR, SINR, RSRP) of the at least two reference signals of (or indicatedby) the at least two TCI states. The wireless device may measure/assess,for the RLM of the cell, radio link qualities (e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP,L3-RSRP, SNR, SINR, RSRP) of the at least two reference signals of (orindicated by) the at least two TCI states. The wireless device maymeasure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a respective radio link quality(e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, SNR, SINR, RSRP) of each reference signalof the at least two reference signals.

The wireless device may select/determine, for the RLM of the cell, theat least two TCI states of the coreset based on the repetition schemenot being a first repetition scheme. The first repetition scheme, forexample, may be a time domain repetition scheme (e.g., TDM). The firstrepetition scheme, for example, may be a frequency domain repetitionscheme (e.g., FDM).

The wireless device may select/determine, for the RLM of the cell, theat least two TCI states of the coreset based on the repetition schemebeing a second repetition scheme. The second repetition scheme, forexample, may be a spatial/code domain repetition scheme (e.g., SFN,SDM).

In an example, the wireless device may not exceed the maximum number ofRLM-RSs if the wireless device selects/determines, for the RLM of thecell, the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wireless devicemay select/determine, for the RLM of the cell, the at least two TCIstates of the coreset based on not exceeding the maximum number ofRLM-RSs. The wireless device may perform the RLM of the cell based onthe at least two TCI states. The wireless device may measure/assess, forthe RLM of the cell, radio link qualities (e.g., BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP,SNR, SINR, RSRP) of the at least two reference signals of (or indicatedby) the at least two TCI states. For example, the maximum number ofRLM-RSs may be two. A number of the at least two TCI states may be two.In an example, the wireless device may not select/determine, for the RLMof the cell and prior to selecting/determining the coreset, a secondcoreset of the one or more coresets. The wireless device mayselect/determine, for the RLM of the cell, the at least two TCI statesof the coreset based on the maximum number of RLM-RSs being two. Thewireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, the atleast two reference signals indicated by the at least two TCI states ofthe coreset. For example, the maximum number of RLM-RSs may be three. Anumber of the at least two TCI states may be two. In an example, thewireless device may select/determine, for the RLM of the cell and priorto selecting/determining the coreset, a second coreset (e.g., Coreset 2in FIG. 25 ) of the one or more coresets. The second coreset mayindicate a single TCI state (e.g., TCI state 4). The wireless device mayselect/determine, for the RLM of the cell, the at least two TCI statesof the coreset based on the maximum number of RLM-RSs being three. Thewireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a referencesignal indicated by a TCI state (e.g., TCI state 4) of the secondcoreset and the at least two reference signals indicated by the at leasttwo TCI states of the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may select/determine, for the RLM ofthe cell, the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wirelessdevice may perform the RLM of the cell based on the at least two TCIstates (e.g., as shown in FIG. 26 ). The wireless device maymeasure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, radio link qualities (e.g.,BLER, L1-RSRP, L3-RSRP, SNR, SINR, RSRP) of the at least two referencesignals of (or indicated by) the at least two TCI states. The wirelessdevice may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a respective radiolink quality of each reference signal of the at least two referencesignals. For example, the wireless device may measure/assess, for theRLM of the cell, a first radio link quality of the first referencesignal (indicated by the first TCI state) of the at least two referencesignals. The wireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of thecell, a second radio link quality of the second reference signal(indicated by the second TCI state) of the at least two referencesignals.

In an example, the wireless device may take/calculate/determine/compute,for the RLM of the cell, an average of the radio link qualities of theat least two reference signals. The wireless device maydeclare/detect/determine an RLF of the cell based on the average of theradio link qualities. The physical layer of the wireless device mayindicate, to the higher layer of the wireless device, an IS/OOS based onthe average of the radio link qualities. For example, the average of theradio link qualities may be equal to (the first radio link quality+thesecond radio link quality)/2.

In an example, the wireless device may determine, for the RLM of thecell, a maximum/highest radio link quality among the radio linkqualities of the at least two reference signals. The wireless device maydeclare/detect/determine an RLF of the cell based on the maximum/highestradio link quality. The physical layer of the wireless device mayindicate, to the higher layer of the wireless device, an IS/OOS based onthe maximum/highest radio link quality. For example, the maximum/highestradio link quality may be equal to maximum (the first radio linkquality, the second radio link quality).

In an example, the wireless device may determine, for the RLM of thecell, a minimum/lowest radio link quality among the radio link qualitiesof the at least two reference signals. The wireless device maydeclare/detect/determine an RLF of the cell based on the minimum/lowestradio link quality. The physical layer of the wireless device mayindicate, to the higher layer of the wireless device, an IS/OOS based onthe minimum/lowest radio link quality. For example, the minimum/lowestradio link quality may be equal to minimum (the first radio linkquality, the second radio link quality).

In an example, the wireless device may take/calculate/determine/compute,for the RLM of the cell, a summation of the radio link qualities of theat least two reference signals. The wireless device maydeclare/detect/determine an RLF of the cell based on the summation ofthe radio link qualities. The physical layer of the wireless device mayindicate, to the higher layer of the wireless device, an IS/OOS based onthe summation of the radio link qualities. For example, the summation ofthe radio link qualities may be equal to (the first radio linkquality+the second radio link quality).

In an example, the base station may determine to transmit, to thewireless device, one or more configuration parameters for a downlink BWPof a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate acontrol channel repetition. In the control channel repetition, the basestation may transmit, to the wireless device, an activation commandindicating/activating at least two TCI states for a coreset of thedownlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, based on the one or more configuration parametersindicating the control channel repetition, the one or more configurationparameters may comprise RLM configuration parameter(s) (e.g.,RadioLinkMonitoringConfig). The base station may add the RLMconfiguration parameter(s) in the one or more configuration parameters,for example, based on the one or more configuration parametersindicating the control channel repetition.

In an example, based on the one or more configuration parametersindicating the control channel repetition, the one or more configurationparameters may indicate at least one reference signal for an RLM of thedownlink BWP of the cell (e.g., by a higher layer parameterRadioLinkMonitoringRS). The base station may indicate the at least onereference signal in/via the one or more configuration parameters, forexample, based on the one or more configuration parameters indicatingthe control channel repetition.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more search space sets for the coreset with the at least twoactivated TCI states. In an example, based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the control channel repetition, theone or more configuration parameters may indicate highest PDCCHmonitoring periodicities for the one or more search space sets amongPDCCH monitoring periodicities of a plurality of search space setsassociated with one or more coresets of the active downlink BWP. In anexample, based on the one or more configuration parameters indicatingthe control channel repetition, the one or more configuration parametersmay indicate highest PDCCH monitoring periodicities for the one or moresearch space sets among PDCCH monitoring periodicities of a plurality ofsearch space sets associated with one or more coresets of the activedownlink BWP.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate oneor more search space sets for the coreset with the at least twoactivated TCI states. In an example, based on the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the control channel repetition, theone or more configuration parameters may indicate a lowest coreset indexfor the coreset among one or more coreset indexes of one or morecoresets of the active downlink BWP. In an example, based on the one ormore configuration parameters indicating the control channel repetition,the one or more configuration parameters may indicate a lowest coresetindex for the coreset among one or more coreset indexes of one or morecoresets of the active downlink BWP.

In an example, the base station may determine to transmit, to thewireless device, one or more configuration parameters for a downlink BWPof a cell. The one or more configuration parameters may not indicate acontrol channel repetition. When the one or more configurationparameters do not indicate the control channel repetition, the basestation may not transmit, to the wireless device, an activation commandindicating/activating at least two TCI states for a coreset of thedownlink BWP of the cell.

In an example, based on the one or more configuration parameters notindicating the control channel repetition, the one or more configurationparameters may or may not comprise RLM configuration parameter(s) (e.g.,RadioLinkMonitoringConfig). The base station may or may not add the RLMconfiguration parameter(s) in the one or more configuration parameters,for example, based on the one or more configuration parameters notindicating the control channel repetition.

In an example, based on the one or more configuration parameters notindicating the control channel repetition, the one or more configurationparameters may or may not indicate at least one reference signal for anRLM of the downlink BWP of the cell (e.g., by a higher layer parameterRadioLinkMonitoringRS). The base station may or may not indicate the atleast one reference signal in/via the one or more configurationparameters, for example, based on the one or more configurationparameters not indicating the control channel repetition.

FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 are example flow diagrams of radio link monitoringwith control channel repetition as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. FIG. 27 is an example flow diagram based on areference signal of a selected TCI state of a coreset with two TCIstates, and FIG. 28 is an example flow diagram based on respectivereference signals of two TCI states of a coreset.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising one or more configuration parameters, for example, for adownlink BWP of a cell (e.g., PCell, PUCCH SCell, etc.).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate acontrol channel repetition.

The wireless device may activate the downlink BWP as an active downlinkBWP of the cell. The active downlink BWP of the cell may comprise one ormore coresets. The one or more configuration parameters may indicate theone or more coresets for the active downlink BWP.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or morecoreset indexes for the one or more coresets.

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not compriseRLM configuration parameter(s) (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringConfig).

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicateat least one reference signal for an RLM of the cell (e.g., by a higherlayer parameter RadioLinkMonitoringRS).

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM ofthe cell, a coreset among the one or more coresets.

The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset, for example, based on the one or more configuration parametersnot indicating the at least one reference signal for the RLM of theactive downlink BWP.

The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset, for example, based on the one or more configuration parametersnot comprising the RLM configuration parameter(s).

In an example, one or more search space sets may be associated with (ormapped to) the coreset. A search space set of the one or more searchspace sets may have a shortest PDCCH monitoring periodicity among PDCCHmonitoring periodicities of a plurality of search space sets mapped to(or associated with) the one or more coresets. The one or moreconfiguration parameters may indicate, for the search space set, theshortest PDCCH monitoring periodicity. The one or more configurationparameters may indicate the plurality of search space sets for the oneor more coresets. The wireless device may determine/select, for the RLMof the cell, the coreset based on the search space set of the coresethaving the shortest PDCCH monitoring periodicity.

In an example, a coreset index of the coreset may be highest among theone or more coreset indexes of the one or more coresets. The one or morecoreset indexes may comprise the coreset index of the coreset. Thewireless device may determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, thecoreset based on the coreset index of the coreset being highest amongthe one or more coreset indexes.

In an example, the RLM of the cell may comprise/be an RLM of the activedownlink BWP of the cell.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of TCIstates for the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may determine whether the coreset isactivated (e.g., by an activation command) with one or more TCI states.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting a single TCI state of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is not activated with more than one TCI state. The wirelessdevice may perform the RLM of the cell based on the single TCI state.The wireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a radiolink quality of a reference signal indicated by the single TCI state.The wireless device may perform the RLM of the cell based on the singleTCI state, for example, in response to determining that the coreset isnot activated with more than one TCI state. The wireless device mayperform the RLM of the cell based on the single TCI state, for example,in response to determining that the coreset is activated with the singleTCI state.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting at least two TCI states of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is activated with at least two TCI states. The wireless devicemay determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, a selected TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wireless devicemay determine/select the selected TCI state based on the determiningthat the coreset is activated with the at least two TCI states. Thewireless device may perform the RLM of the cell based on a selectedreference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) indicated the selected TCI state. Thewireless device may measure/assess, for the RLM of the cell, a radiolink quality of the selected reference signal indicated by the selectedTCI state. The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCIstate among the at least two TCI states based on one or more criteriadiscussed in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 .

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select, for the RLM ofthe cell, the selected TCI state among the at least two TCI states basedon exceeding a maximum number of RLM-RSs when the at least two TCIstates are selected/determined for the RLM of the cell.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting at least two TCI states of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is activated with at least two TCI states. The wireless devicemay determine/select, for the RLM of the cell, both of the at least twoTCI states of the coreset. The wireless device may determine/select bothof the at least two TCI states based on the determining that the coresetis activated with the at least two TCI states. The wireless device mayperform the RLM of the cell based on a respective reference signal(e.g., CSI-RS) indicated by each of the two TCI states (e.g., RS1 of TCIstate 1 and RS2 of TCI state 2). The wireless device may measure/assess,for the RLM of the cell, a radio link quality based on, e.g., both ofthe reference signals respectively indicated by the at least two TCIstates.

The wireless device may detect/declare/determine an RLF of the cellbased on the radio link quality (e.g., worse than a threshold such asrlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold). The wireless device may initiate, for aconnection re-establishment procedure, a random-access procedure basedon the declaring/detecting/determining the RLF. The wireless device mayindicate, via the random-access procedure, the RLF of the cell.

The example embodiments may also be applicable for a beam failuredetection (BFD) of the cell. In the specification, the discussion of“the RLM of the cell” may be replaced with “the BFD of the cell”

In an example, the one or more configuration parameters may not indicateat least one reference signal for a BFD of the active downlink BWP ofthe cell (e.g., by a higher layer parameter failureDetectionResources).

In an example, the wireless device may determine/select, for a BFD ofthe cell, a coreset among the one or more coresets.

The wireless device may determine/select, for the BFD of the cell, thecoreset, for example, based on the one or more configuration parametersnot indicating the at least one reference signal for the BFD of theactive downlink BWP.

In an example, the BFD of the cell may comprise/be a BFD of the activedownlink BWP of the cell.

The one or more configuration parameters may indicate a plurality of TCIstates for the coreset.

In an example, the wireless device may determine whether the coreset isactivated (e.g., by an activation command) with one or more TCI states.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting a single TCI state of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is not activated with more than one TCI state. The wirelessdevice may perform the BFD of the cell based on the single TCI state.The wireless device may measure/assess, for the BFD of the cell, a radiolink quality of a reference signal indicated by the single TCI state.The wireless device may perform the BFD of the cell based on the singleTCI state, for example, in response to determining that the coreset isnot activated with more than one TCI state. The wireless device mayperform the BFD of the cell based on the single TCI state, for example,in response to determining that the coreset is activated with the singleTCI state.

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting at least two TCI states of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is activated with at least two TCI states. The wireless devicemay determine/select, for the BFD of the cell, a selected TCI stateamong the at least two TCI states of the coreset. The wireless devicemay determine/select the selected TCI state based on the determiningthat the coreset is activated with the at least two TCI states. Thewireless device may perform the BFD of the cell based on a selectedreference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) indicated the selected TCI state. Thewireless device may measure/assess, for the BFD of the cell, a radiolink quality of the selected reference signal indicated by the selectedTCI state. The wireless device may determine/select the selected TCIstate among the at least two TCI states based on one or more criteriadiscussed in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 .

In an example, the wireless device may receive an activation commandindicating/updating/activating/selecting at least two TCI states of theplurality of TCI states. The wireless device may determine that thecoreset is activated with at least two TCI states. The wireless devicemay determine/select, for the BFD of the cell, both of the at least twoTCI states among the at least two TCI states of the coreset. Thewireless device may determine/select both of the at least two TCI statesbased on the determining that the coreset is activated with the at leasttwo TCI states. The wireless device may perform the BFD of the cellbased on a respective reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) indicated by eachof the two TCI states (e.g., RS1 of TCI state 1 and RS2 of TCI state 2)selected TCI state. The wireless device may measure/assess, for the BFDof the cell, a radio link quality based on, e.g., both of the referencesignals respectively indicated by the at least two TCI states.

In an example, the wireless device may detect/trigger a beam failure ofthe active downlink BWP based on the radio link quality being worse(e.g., higher BLER, lower RSRP, lower SINR, lower SNR, etc.) than athreshold (e.g., rlmInSyncOutOfSyncThreshold). The wireless device maytransmit an uplink signal (e.g., random-access preamble, schedulingrequest, PUSCH, BFR MAC-CE) for a beam failure recovery (BFR) of thecell, for example, based on the detecting the beam failure. The wirelessdevice may indicate, to the base station, the beam failure of the cellbased on the transmitting the uplink signal. The wireless device mayindicate a candidate reference signal for the BFR based on thetransmitting the uplink signal.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless device comprising: one or moreprocessors; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by theone or more processors, cause the wireless device to: receive, from abase station, one or more configuration parameters indicating a singlefrequency network (SFN) scheme; receive, from the base station, acommand activating at least two transmission configuration indicator(TCI) states for a control resource set (coreset); monitor, via thecoreset, downlink control channels based on the at least two active TCIstates; determine, when the one or more configuration parametersindicate the SFN scheme, a radio link quality based on the at least twoactive TCI states of the coreset; and based on the radio link qualityindicating a radio failure, transmit, to the base station, an uplinksignal indicating the radio failure.
 2. The wireless device of claim 1,wherein the radio failure is a radio link failure of a cell.
 3. Thewireless device of claim 1, wherein the radio failure is a beam failure.4. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the radio link quality is asignal noise rate (SNR).
 5. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein theradio link quality is based on: a first reference signal indicated by afirst TCI state of the at least two TCI states; and a second referencesignal indicated by a second TCI state of the at least two TCI states.6. The wireless device of claim 5, wherein the monitoring the downlinkcontrol channel transmissions based on the at least two TCI statescomprises at least one demodulation reference signal (DMRS) antenna portof the downlink control channel transmissions being quasi co-locatedwith: the first reference signal with respect to a first quasico-location type; and the second reference signal with respect to asecond quasi co-location type.
 7. The wireless device of claim 6,wherein: the first quasi co-location type is a quasi co-location type D(QCL TypeD); and the second quasi co-location type is a QCL TypeD. 8.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the memory storing instructionsfurther cause the wireless device to determine the radio failure basedon the radio link quality being lower than a threshold.
 9. The wirelessdevice of claim 1, wherein the one or more configuration parameters theSFN scheme for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
 10. Thewireless device of claim 1, wherein the determining the radio linkquality is based on at least one of: an average of a first measurementof a first reference signal and a second measurement of the secondreference signal; a maximum of the first measurement and the secondmeasurement; a minimum of the first measurement and the secondmeasurement; or a summation of the first measurement and the secondmeasurement.
 11. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the uplinksignal is at least one of: a random-access preamble; a schedulingrequest (SR); or a medium-access control control element (MAC CE). 12.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more configurationparameters further indicate a coreset index for the coreset.
 13. A basestation comprising: one or more processors; and a memory storinginstructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe base station to: transmit, to a wireless device, one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating a single frequency network (SFN)scheme; transmit, to the wireless device, a command activating at leasttwo transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for a controlresource set (coreset); and transmit, to the wireless device via thecoreset, downlink control channels based on the at least two active TCIstates; and determine that a radio link quality based on the at leasttwo active TCI states of the coreset is lower than a threshold, whereinthe determining is based on: receiving, from the wireless device, anuplink signal indicating a radio failure; and the one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating the SFN scheme.
 14. The base stationof claim 13, wherein the radio failure is a radio link failure of acell.
 15. The base station of claim 13, wherein the radio failure is abeam failure.
 16. The base station of claim 13, wherein the radio linkquality is a signal noise rate (SNR).
 17. The base station of claim 13,wherein the radio link quality is based on: a first reference signalindicated by a first TCI state of the at least two TCI states; and asecond reference signal indicated by a second TCI state of the at leasttwo TCI states.
 18. The base station of claim 13, wherein the one ormore configuration parameters the SFN scheme for physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH).
 19. The base station of claim 13, wherein thereceived uplink signal is at least one of: a random-access preamble; ascheduling request (SR); or a medium-access control control element (MACCE).
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprisinginstructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause theone or more processors to: receive, from a base station, one or moreconfiguration parameters indicating a single frequency network (SFN)scheme; receive, from the base station, a command activating at leasttwo transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for a controlresource set (coreset); monitor, via the coreset, downlink controlchannels based on the at least two active TCI states; determine, whenthe one or more configuration parameters indicate the SFN scheme, aradio link quality based on the at least two active TCI states of thecoreset; and based on the radio link quality indicating a radio failure,transmit, to the base station, an uplink signal indicating the radiofailure.